问题 问答题 案例分析题

背景资料:

某办公楼工程,建筑面积98000m2,劲性钢筋混凝土框筒结构。地下3层,地上46层,建筑高度约203m。

在施工过程中,发生了如下事件:

事件一:根据现场条件,场区内设置了办公区、生活区、木工加工区等生产辅助设施。并就临时用水进行了设计与计算。

事件二:为了充分体现绿色施工在施工过程中的应用,项目部在临建施工及使用方案中提出了在节能和能源利用方面的技术要点。

事件三:结构施工期间,项目有150人参与施工,项目部组织了10人的义务消防队,楼层内配备了消防立管和消防箱,消防箱内消防水龙带长度达20m;在临时搭建的95m2钢筋加工棚内配备了2只101灭火器。

事件四:由于工期较紧,施工总承包单位于晚上11点后安排了劲性钢结构构件进场和焊接作业施工。附近居民以施工作业影响夜间休息为由进行了投诉。当地相关主管部门在查处时发现:施工总承包单位未办理夜间施工许可证;检测夜间施工场界噪声值达到60分贝。

事件五:当地行政主管部门对施工总承包单位违反施工规范强制性条文的行为,在当地建筑市场诚信记录平台上进行了公布,公布期限为6个月。公布后,当地行政主管部门结合企业提出的申请和整改情况,决定将公布期限调整为4个月。国家住房和城乡建设部在全国进行公布,公布期限也是4个月。

事件一中,在计算临时用水总用水量时,根据用途应考虑哪些方面的用水量?

答案

参考答案:

临时用水总用水量计算需要考虑如下用水量:

(1)现场施工用水量;

(2)施工机械用水量;

(3)施工现场生活用水量;

(4)生活区生活用水量;

(5)消防用水量;

(6)漏水损失。

解析:

计算临时用水的数量。临时用水量包括:现场施工用水量、施工机械用水量、施工现场生活用水量、生活区生活用水量、消防用水量。

根据常识,我们很容易写出前五项用水量,但仔细看临时用水计算程序的最后一项,总用水量(Q)计算:

最后计算出总用水量(以上各项相加),还应增加10%的漏水损失。

所以,总用水量计算时应考虑使用过程中水量的损失。在分别计算了以上各项用水量之后,才能确定总用水量。

阅读理解

A recent study, which was published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how dangerous it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers has three times the possibility of a serious accident, compared with a teenager driving alone.

The authors also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased greatly after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight. With passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.

Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue is that adults who are responsible for giving out licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled driving is.” he says.

Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使缓解) the problem is to have states set up so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a process with several stages. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself able to drive in the presence(在场)of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions (限制) before graduating to full driving rights.

Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies.

小题1:Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?

A.Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m.

B.Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.

C.A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.

D.A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.小题2:According to Robert Foss, the high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to _______.

A.their frequent driving at night

B.their lack of driving experience

C.their wrong way of driving

D.their driving with passengers小题3:According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.

B.Driving is a skill too complex for teenagers to learn.

C.Restrictions should be forced on teenagers demanding to take driving licenses.

D.The licensing department is partly responsible for teenagers’ driving accidents.小题4:A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers’ driving accidents is that ______.

A.driving in the presence of an adult should be made a rule

B.they should be forbidden to take on passengers

C.they should not be allowed to drive after 10 pm

D.the licensing system should be improved

单项选择题