问题 名词解释

哲学和科学的关系

答案

参考答案:

1、是对科学成果的反思,哲学以科学为基础,反过来又指导科学;但哲学对科学的指导,不是直接的,而是间接的,需要诸多中介才能完成。由于对这个世界本质和规律抽象概括的层次不同,哲学和具体科学的差别主要表现在层次的差别上。

2、在承认科学所做出的成果及其意义的同时,认为在哲学中还存在着科学无能为力的独特问题的领域,因而存在着与科学不同的独特的方法。认为哲学是与主体和价值问题相关的,是用基于感性知觉这种通常的科学方法不能处理的问题,只有他们才是哲学的中心课题。他们倾向与非理性和反科学主义。

3、批判性的考察科学所建立起来的前提和基础,把握科学的系统发育和个体发育,主要对科学的存在论和价值论的基础进行考察,通过这样的努力是哲学恰当的承担了现代和文明所提出的各种哲学问题,成为名副其实的本来意义上的哲学。

多项选择题
单项选择题

It happens to us all, however hard we may try to delay the process—we grow old. Surgery may remove wrinkles (皱纹), skin which has become less firm may be tightened by a surgical operation on the face, and hair-dressers may dye grey hair a more youthful color, but we cannot remain young forever.
Advances in medicine have made it possible for more people to stay alive longer. However, what is important is the quality of life, and people age differently. Some people remain quite well and able to look after themselves when they get old, but others of the same age are not so lucky. They have to go into a nursing home in order to receive adequate care.
The worst aspect of ageing is that often the mind becomes less alert. As people grow older, they often experience loss of short-term memory, although they may well be able to recall quite easily events that happened long ago. Later they may suffer from dementia (痴呆), a disease which gets gradually worse.
By no means all elderly people are in this category. Many senior citizens are in possession of all their faculties and see retirement as a time of freedom. Not only that, if they have a generous retirement pension, they are likely to be quite well off, with money to spend on holidays and other luxuries. Because of this, both businesses and government have a new respect for what is known as grey power.
By no means, however, does everyone treat OAPs with respect. There are some culture which are noted for the great respect with which they treat their old people, but many people in other cultures regard the old people as having a very low status in society and treat them accordingly. They often consider old people as having one foot in the grave. Someone should remind them that they, too, will be old one day.

Elderly people who cannot look after themselves go to ______.

A. nursing homes
B. residences close to hospitals
C. community centers
D. homes of their children