问题 问答题 简答题

在义利方面,儒、墨、道、法之价值选择各是怎么样的?

答案

参考答案:

1.儒家:义以为上的道义原则,义是当然之则,具有至上的性质,被赋予了内在价值。这样义便成了评判行为的主要标准。当然儒家也没有绝对的弃绝功利,利的追求必须处于义的制约之下,见利思义。因涉及个人利益与整体利益,故儒家之义利观有其好处:对利益关系起到了某种调节作用,然亦有其弊处即对功利意识的过度压抑。

2.墨家:对义十分注重,墨家侧重于义外在价值,义之所以可贵,在于它能带来功利的效果,即当然之义应建立在功利的基础上。将功利原则视为评判行为的基本标准。孝,利亲也。在墨家这里功利追求的合理性得到了普遍的确认。这有助于价值观上的调整,但对义有所忽视。

3.法家:赋予功利原则更极端的形式:追求功利是人的本性,人与人的关系也以利益为纽带。社会成员之间完全是相互利用的,彼此交易时,行义只会带来消极的效果,其价值标准是行为产生的实际效用,对手段则失之规定。治天下应导之以利,从而使得人在双重意义上趋于工具化,既是实现君主意志视为工具,也是外在功利的附庸。

4.道家:道家主张有我,其实对自我的利是很重视的。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Steve Jobs-A surprising success.

Nothing in the early years of Steve Job’s life suggested that he would be so successful. Born in San Francisco, the child of two students, he was adopted and grew up close to Silicon Valley. While at company-and he and his best friend Steve Wozniak got summer jobs there.

After finishing high school in 1972, Jobs studied at an expensive liberal arts college in Portland, Oregon but he dropped pout after one after one term. He grew his hair and a beard, slept on friends’ floors, and sometimes went to a Hare Krishna temple for free meals. Like many drop-outs at that Beatles-inspired time, his ambition was to visit a guru(古鲁[印度教的宗师或领袖])in India, which he eventually did with a friend. When they got there, the guru had died.

At this point, Jobs has a limited education, and no obvious talents, apart from a notorious(臭名远扬)ability to talk. However, he did have a devoted friend who was an electronics genius. They were a great team. Without Jobs’ s ambition, high design standards, the ability to make deals and  great maketing skills-Wozniak might well have spent a quiet life designing hardware at HP.

小题1:The article tells us that              .

A.Steve Jobs’s parents lived in San Francisco

B.Steve Jobs’s parents were rich

C.Steve Jobs’s parents worked at Hewlett-Packard

D.Steve Jobs didn’t know his real parents小题2:STEVE Jobs went to a temple because                .

A.He was a Buddhist

B.His family were Indian

C.He had very little money

D.He was inspired by the Beatles小题3:Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Steve Jobs was uneducated.

B.Steve Jobs went to India.

C.Steve Jobs was A GREAT SALESMAN.

D.Steve Wozniak was loyal.小题4:Form the article, Apple was successful because             .

A.Steve Jobs was a computer Genius

B.Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak were lucky

C.Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak worked well together

D.Steve Wozniak liked a quiet life