问题 问答题 论述题

试述在蒙古族、藏族人家做客的茶俗和茶礼。

答案

参考答案:

蒙古族是三茶一饭,早上和中午只吃茶、乳和乳制品,称为早茶和午茶,晚餐以肉食为主,临睡前再喝一次奶茶。如有客人到蒙古族家里做客,会受到敬奶茶的款待,主人在客人面前放置小几一张,几上小碗中分别有盐、糖、炒米和奶豆腐,女主人将一碗茶献上后,可根据个人爱好,在茶中加盐或加糖,炒米要放于奶茶中一起饮用,奶豆腐可以蘸白糖吃,奶茶不可一次喝尽,要有剩余,可让主人不断添加,以示礼节。喝完最后一杯奶茶,客人施礼道谢,主人要出帐送行,奶茶敬客之礼至此完毕。藏族人清晨起床,首先喝茶,家中有亲人出远门,临行前,家人一定要敬上一杯茶,以祝愿亲人一路顺风,平安归来。藏民外出,亲属总是带上装满酥油茶的器皿,在为亲人送行和探望病人时,也照例要带上一壶。到藏民家做客,主人首先敬上酥油茶。客人接过主妇双手呈上的酥油茶后,主妇仍需手捧盛满酥油茶的茶壶恭立在一旁,或在几位来宾前轮流斟茶,使客人的茶碗常满,茶味常温。客人则需轻酌慢品,还要注意不能出声。饮用前要先吹开浮在茶汤山的浮油,分数次饮,忌一饮而尽,要留一半茶于碗中,待主妇添上茶后再喝,要连续喝完三碗,才能起身告辞,这样对主人家尊重,就会吉利。藏族的男女青年,还将饮茶作为互相之间聚会或寻找配合的一种礼仪活动,称为茶会。

单项选择题 A1型题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     For thousands of years, the most important two buildings in any British village have been the church

and the pub. Traditionally, the church and the pub are at the heart of any village or town, where the

people gather together to socialize and exchange news.

     As a result, British pubs are often old and well preserved. Many of them have become historic sites.

The most famous example is the pub in the city of Nottingham called "The Old Trip to Jerusalem", which

dates back to the year 1189 AD and is probably the oldest pub in England.

     However, British pubs are not just for kings and queens; they welcome people from all classes and

parts of society. On a cold night, the pub's landlord or landlady can always find a warm place for you by

the fire. There is always honest and hearty food and plenty of drink available at an affordable price.

     That's how things used to be. Things are beginning to change. It is said that the credit crunch(信贷紧缩) is causing 39 British pubs a week to go out of business. People do not have enough spare money to

spend on beer. Recently, the UK government banned smoking in all pubs, and that may also have affected the number of customers going to pubs.

     This decline is happening despite the fact that in 2005 the UK government started to allow pubs to

stay open after 1l pm. Previously, with 1l pm as closing time, customers would have to drink quite quickly, meaning they sometimes got more drunk than they would if allowed to drink slowly. The British habit of

drinking a lot very quickly is known as "binge drinking", and it causes long-term health problems for people and problems with violent crime for communities.

     In order to save their businesses, pubs are trying to change with the market. British pubs now offer

something for everyone. A lot of pubs used to be "Working Men's Clubs", meaning that women could

not usually enter. Today, however, women can freely enter 99% of pubs without experiencing any

problems. Perhaps things are changing for the better after all.

1. The passage mainly tells us something about ______.

A. the past and present of British pubs      

B. the decline of British pubs

C. the long history of British pubs        

D. the importance of British pubs

2. Which may not be the cause of the decline of British pubs?

A. The credit crunch.          

B. The present closing time.

C. The ban of smoking.        

D. Having no spare money.

3. We can infer from the passage that ______.      

A. British people used to like drinking slowly

B. closing the pubs early will reduce social problems

C. binge drinking means drinking less beer

D. British government aims to discourage people from binge drinking

4. We can see from the last paragraph that the author _______.

A. is against the admission of too many women to the pubs

B. holds an optimistic attitude towards the British pubs

C. thinks that women in the pubs will cause less social problems

D. thinks that British pubs should offer everything you need