问题 问答题 案例分析题

某机电设备安装公司中标一长输管道支线工程某标段,中标工程管道长度为30km。该公司中标签订合同后,拟把工程中的施工作业带清理、修筑施工运输便道、管沟开挖、管沟回填分包给A工程公司,把管道现场防腐和热收缩套(带)补口分包给B专业公司,把管道焊口无损检验分包给C无损检测公司。机电安装公司召集各分包单位,约定了下述事项:

1.各分包单位自行编制分包工程施工组织设计或施工方案,单位内部完成审批程序后交监理审批,将监理审批后的方案报总包单位项目部备案。

2.施工过程中发生的与沿途村民的临时占地、青苗赔偿等沟通协调事项由总包方授权A工程公司负责进行。

根据建设单位的要求,管道工程按照绿色施工的理念组织施工,实现"四节一环保"。总包单位编制了绿色施工方案,把机械设备、机具的节能作为一个重点内容。施工中,发生下述事件:

事件一:施工中检查发现,部分管段准备下沟时,B专业公司已将管段的全部热收缩套(带)补口完成,然而部分管口焊口还未进行检验,造成部分返工。

事件二:长输管道支线路经一个110kV变电站时,施工单位考虑施工方便,将变电站的一片绿地作为施工用地和管段临时堆放场地,受到电力管理部门的处罚。总包单位加强了内、外部沟通和协调,使工程得以顺利进展。

绿色施工的"四节一环保"具体是什么?机械设备、机具的节能措施有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

绿色施工的"四节一环保"是节能、节地、节水、节材和环境保护。机械设备、机具的节能措施有:

(1)优先使用国家、行业推荐的节能、高效的施工设备和机具,如采用节电型的逆变式电焊机和能耗低、效率高的手持电动工具等。

(2)在施工组织设计中,合理安排施工顺序、工作面,以减少作业区域的机具数量,相邻作业区充分利用共有的机具资源。选择施工工艺时,应优先考虑耗用电能或其他能耗较少的施工工艺。

(3)建立施工机械设备管理制度,制订合理施工能耗指标,开展用电、用油计量,及时做好维修保养,使机械设备保持低耗、高效的状态。

(4)选择功率与负载相匹配的施工机械设备,避免大功率施工机械设备低负载长时间运行。机械设备宜使用节能型油料添加剂,在可能的情况下,考虑回收利用,节约油量。

(5)合理安排工序,提高各种机械的使用率和满载率,降低各种设备的单位耗能。

选择题
阅读理解

It’s a Friday night. Your girl friends are out at a bar and your boyfriend is playing soccer with his mates. Two text messages later, you’re eating pizza and watching action movies with three guy friends. Perfect.

“Guy friends” have the potential to enrich your life in ways that female friends and boyfriends just can’t. For starters, they provide an insider’s perspective on how men think, feel and behave. When dealing with male relatives, coworkers and even boyfriends, another man’s point of view can be incredibly useful. Three hours spent analyzing a situation in a café with your girlfriends can’t compete with a quick chat to a guy friend.

Many women find that time spent with male friends can be a liberating and somewhat refreshing break from spending time with the girls. Without the judgmental gaze of other females, there is less pressure to dress up and compete for attention.

Traditionally, girl-guy friendships are seen as hard to maintain. Most relationships between males and females that we come across in our day-to-day lives, whether in movies or books, are romantic by nature. These cultural images make girl-guy friendships seem impossible.

Yet in reality, as gender roles loosen and equality becomes a norm in the workplace, it has become much more common for platonic friendships to blossom.

“The belief that men and women can’t be friends comes from another era in which women were at home and men were in the workplace, and the only way they could get together was for romance,” explains psychologist Linda Sapadin to Psychology Today magazine. “Now they work together and share sports interests and socialize together.”

“My boyfriend has met all of my guy friends so he’s quite accepting of me hanging out with them,” says Nellie. “Because we’ve been dating so long, there’s a level of trust where he knows I will make the right decision when choosing who to be friends with.

“He understands that the kind of time that I spend differs between guys and girls. When I’m out with the girls, we’re gossiping or talking about clothes but when I’m spending time with the guys, it’s different. I think their carefree and ‘whatever goes’ attitude can sometimes be exactly what I need.”

小题1:  What is the best title of the passage?

A.Platonic friendship can be fun and liberating.

B.Platonic friendship can take the place of boy-or-girl friendship.

C.Man friendship is far more exciting than woman friendship.

D.Both man friendship and woman friendship are necessary forgirls.小题2:  In writer’s opinion, girl-guy friendships_________

A.are hard to maintain in modern society.

B.are impossible for most boys and girls.

C.are quite reasonable and thought highly of by most people.

D.are quite interesting and accepted by more and more and moregirls.小题3: Why did people think men and women can’t be friends in the past?

A.Becausemen were at home and women were in the workplace.

B.Becauseboth men and women are too shy to make friends.

C.Because they were hard to keep in touch and only bymarrying cantheystay in touch with each other.

D.Becausewomen were at home and men were in the workplace, and the only way they could get together was for friendship.小题4:  According to what Nellie said, _______

A.Her boyfriend enjoys she and her guy friend stay together.

B.When I’m out with the boys, we’re not gossiping or talking about clothes.

C.Sometimes whatmy guy friends giveisjustwhatI need.

D.My boyfriend trusts me so heaccepts my decision.