理学在宋代兴起并成为官方思想的深刻历史背景。
参考答案：
公元960年北宋王朝的建立，标志着中国社会进入封建社会后期，这是中国封建国家中央集权加强和巩固的时期，也是中国封建社会由成熟逐渐走向衰落的时期，阶级矛盾与民族矛盾都十分尖锐复杂：
第一，在经济上，北宋采取“不抑兼并”的土地政策，使得贫富分化加剧、无地农民增多，农村中出现了大量佃农，国家的财政收入受到直接影响；
第二，在政治上，宋太祖结束五代十国的战乱后，采取一系列加强君主权力的措施；
第三，在民族关系方面，北宋之后民族矛盾加剧；第四，在思想方面，儒家的正统思想地位虽在汉武帝时依靠封建 * * 的强制性手段得以确立下来，但在理论上并未形成完整体系。
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| Mickey was a nice,cheerful,optimistic boy. No one could remember ever having seen him 1；it seemed he didn't 2 whatever people said to him. Even his teachers admired his good 3. It was so unusual that a story was going around that Mickey's 4 must be due to some special secret. They asked Mickey so much that,one afternoon,he 5 his favorite teacher Mr. Anthony to tea. When they had finished, Mickey 6 Mr. Anthony around the house. When Mickey opened his bedroom door, the teacher 7. The huge wall was a unique collage(拼贴画)of thousands of colors and shapes! It was the loveliest 8 Mr. Anthony had ever seen. "Some people at school think I 9 think badly of anyone,"Mickey started to explain,"and that 10at all bothers me,but that's not true at all. I' m just 1ike anyone else. I used to get angrier than all the other kids. 11 years ago,with the help of my parents,I started a small collage. With every 1ittle piece I stuck on I added some bad thought or act. " It was 12. The teacher looked closely at the wall. In each one of the small 13 he could read,"fool","silly", "pain","bore",and a thousand other 14 things. "This is how 1 started 15 all my bad times into an opportunity to 16 to my collage. Now I like the collage so much that,each time someone makes me angry, I couldn't be 17. They' ve given me a new piece for my work of 18. " That day, the teacher was impressed by Mickey's secret to having an optimistic character. Without telling anyone,on that very day, Mr. Anthony 19 his own collage. He would often 20 it to his students. Years later, each house contained its own beautiful works of art, made by those cheerful and optimistic children.
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