问题 问答题 简答题

近现代以来有哪些著名的出土文献?

答案

参考答案:

1899年王懿荣发现甲骨文绵延整个20世纪的河南安阳殷墟甲骨文的发现整理。1900年敦煌藏经洞被打开及随后陆续被发现的大量敦煌文书。

20世纪初东西方探险家在新疆吐鲁番地区发掘大量西汉以来墓葬纸质文书,统称“敦煌吐鲁番文书”。

20世纪初瑞典人斯文赫定、英国人斯坦因等于新疆楼兰、于阗和甘肃敦煌等地发现的汉代简牍(罗振玉、王国维依据此而初步整理出《流沙坠简》)。

1926年我国学者与斯文赫定等人组成的西北科学考察团等在新疆居延等地发现数千支的“居延汉简”。1973年长沙马王堆3号西汉墓出土的简帛文献,约29件12万字,主要有《老子》甲乙本、《黄帝内经》、《周易》、《战国纵横家书》等。

1975年湖北云梦县睡虎地11号墓出土1155枚秦简,多属法律文书。1972年山东银雀山西汉墓出土的简牍文献,含《孙子兵法》、《孙膑兵法》、《尉缭子》、《六韬》、《晏子春秋》及屈原、唐勒作品残简等。

1959-1972年在甘肃武威三次出土的汉简,以医学等科技内容为主,称“武威汉简”。1977年安徽阜阳双古堆1号汉墓出土之西汉汉简,有《苍颉篇》、《诗经》、《周易》、《吕氏春秋》、《庄子》等内容。

1960年以来湖北出土之战国楚简;

近年上海博物馆于香港文物市场收购之1200支楚简也出自湖北荆门。

阅读理解

阅读理解

      In the United States, when one becomes rich, he wants people to know it. And even if he does not

become very rich, he wants people to think that he is. That is what “keeping up with the Joneses” is about. It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours.

      The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand. He told this story about himself. He began earning $ 125 a week at the age of 23. That was a lot of money in those days. He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City. When he

saw that rich people rode horses,Momand went horseback riding every day.When he saw that rich people had servants, Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbours.

      It was like a race, but one could never finish his race because one was always trying to keep up. The

race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life. They moved back to an apartment in New York City.

      Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbours. He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories. He called it

"Keeping up with the Joneses” because “Jones” is a very common name in the United States. “Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you. Momand’s series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years. People never seem to get tired of  keeping up with the Joneses. And there are “Jonses” in every city of the world. But one must get tired of

trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does, Mr. Jones always seems to be

ahead.

1. Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ________.

A. want to be as rich as their neighbours

B. want others to know or to think that they are rich

C. don’t want others to know they are rich

D. want to be happy

2. It can be inferred (推断) from the story that rich people like to ________.

A. live outside New York City

B. live in New York city

C. live in apartments

D. have many neighbours

3. Arthur Momand used the name “Jones” in his series of short stories because “Jones” is ________.

A. an important name    

B. a popular name in the United States

C. his neighbour’s name    

D. not a good name

4. If a person who keeps up with the Joneses, he would _________.    

A. do as the poor persons around him do    

B. do everything he likes to do    

C. do as his neighbours do     

D. do as the rich people around him do

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