问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成1~4题。

雕花烟斗

冯骥才

        他被这一大盆金光灿灿的凤尾菊迷住了。

        这菊花从一人多高的花架上喷涌而出,闪着一片辉煌夺目的亮点点,活像一扇艳丽动人的凤尾,又似一道瀑布—— 一静止、无声、散着浓香的瀑布。

        不知不觉间,他掏出一个挺大的核桃木雕花烟斗,插在嘴角,突然意识到花房里不准吸烟,他慌忙四下窥探,忽见身旁肥大浓绿的美人蕉叶子中间,有一张黑黑的老汉的脸直对着他。一双灰色的小眼睛牢牢盯着他嘴上的烟斗,他刚要承认过错,那老汉却和气地说:“没关系,到这边来抽吧!”

        这是花房的一角,这老汉是花农老范。老范坐在他对面,“唐先生,您还画画不?”他怔住了。“您怎么知道我姓唐?还知道我画画?”“先前,您带学生到这儿来画过花儿,您画得美,美呀……”老范赞美的语气是由衷的,他不禁泛起一阵酸楚和温暖的感动,像他这样一位红极一时的大画家,好比高高悬挂的闪烁辉煌的大吊灯,如今被一棒打落下来,曾经光彩照人的玻璃片片,被人踩在脚下,甚至无人顾惜。难道在这奇花异卉之间,隐藏着一个知音吗?

        谁能从这老范身上找到聪慧、美和知识的影子呢?老范身子矮墩墩,微微驼背,穿一身皱巴巴的黑裤褂,沾满污痕;面色黧黑,眼睛小,眸子发灰,动作迟缓而不灵便。发现老范仍不时瞅他嘴上的烟斗。“您来尝尝我的烟斗丝吧?”唐先生诚恳地说。“不!”老范笑眯眯地,“俺是瞧您的烟斗很特别……”

        他的烟斗是特别。上面雕着一只肥胖的猫头鹰,栖息在一段短短的秃枝上,“这烟斗是我自己刻的。”他说。他想起了靠边站之后的整天无所事事,想起了某天灵机一动用木刻刀雕刻烟斗的感觉,想起了把每只烟斗都当作创作的倾尽心血的狂热,想起了家里摆满一个玻璃书柜的绝妙艺术品-- 雕好的烟斗。“美,美呀!”对面灰色的小眼睛流露出真切的钦慕之情,“您要是喜欢这烟斗,就送给您吧!”“不,不,俺要不得!”老范固执地一个劲儿摇脑袋。

        从此以后,唐先生常来花房坐坐,在饱尝冷淡、受尽歧视的他看来,这一片单纯、温厚、自然而然的人情十分珍贵。

        秋风一吹,又是赏菊的好时节。可唐先生却没有到小花房去。半年前,他被落实了政策,名画家的桂冠重新戴在头上。求画的、求烟斗的,让他忙得不亦乐乎。一天,家中高朋满座。外边又有人敲门。打开门,不觉双目一亮。面前一大盆光彩照人的凤尾菊,花后是半年多未见的老范。“哟,老范,是您呀!”矮墩墩的老范笑眯眯地站在他面前,额上沁出亮闪闪的汗珠,只频频点头。唐先生请老范坐下后,就顾不上再和他搭腔,老范一声不响地蹲坐在屋角,露出满足的神情。后来他发现了身边陈列烟斗的玻璃柜。一下子见到这么多雕着花、千奇百怪的烟斗,他看呆了,不禁发出一声声很特别的赞叹:“美,美,美呀……”没人搭理老范,唐先生感到自己认识这么一位无知的傻里傻气的怪老头很难为情。

        在又收到老范送的两次花后,唐先生从陈列柜下边一层属于一般水平的烟斗中,选择一只雕工比较简单、刻着五朵牡丹花的,送给老范。“您……”老范喜得声音都震颤了,眼睛像一对灰色的小灯泡亮了起来,双手郑重地接过烟斗,激动地吭吭巴巴,“谢谢您,唐先生,真谢谢您……”

       又一阵秋风吹起,唐先生倚坐在皮椅上,疲惫不堪。他的一幅画被莫名其妙地定为黑画,他再一次落魄,无人理睬了。这时,他听见有人轻轻叩门。打开门,一盆特大的金光灿烂的凤尾菊正堵在门口。,快请进,请进!,喘着气,。俺爹今年夏天得了肺炎,走了。他吩咐俺说,他要是不在了,无论如何也要把花给您送来。”,您知道俺爹多喜欢您送给他的烟斗吗?临终时,他叫俺把那只烟斗插在他嘴角上。”

     “什么?”唐先生惊愕地问,他好像没听清这句话。他感到心上像压了一块沉重的石板,他后悔,没有把雕刻得最精美的一只拿出来,送给老范……

                                                                                                                                            (有删改)

1.下列对小说内容的分析和概括,最恰当的两项是(     )

A.处在人生低谷中的画家唐先生,在花房邂逅花农老范,老范对他态度和善,对他的画由衷赞美,这使他感受到久违的温暖。

B.看到烟斗柜时赞叹,美,美呀”,接受雕工简单的烟斗时……真谢谢您,刻画出老范纯朴、木讷、无知、傻气的形象。

C.老范的儿子在父亲去世之后,依照叮咛,把一盆特大的风尾菊送给唐先生,既写出了他的忠厚、孝顺,也表现了他们父子信守承诺。

D.唐先生的画被打成黑画,他再次落魄,无人理睬,这种境遇的变化,直接反映了畸形的社会现实,深刻批判了人们的虚伪。

E.一盆凤尾菊,一只雕花烟斗,几次普通的交往,表现出人性的大美,也显示了人性的缺陷,小说折射出的社会现象,引发人们深思。

2.小说中的唐先生是一个什么样的形象?请简要分析。

答:________________________________________________________________________。

3.请梳理小说情节,简析情节安排的妙处。

答: _______________________________________________________________________

4.关于小说的线索,有人认为是关于小说的线索,有人认为是“雕花烟斗”,有人认为是“凤尾菊”。你的看法呢?请结合全文,谈谈你的观点和理由。

答:________________________________________________________________________

答案

1.AE

2.①有才华,热爱艺术,绘画雕刻都有造诣。②温良、和善,懂得感恩。③有些势利,有等级观念,顺境时漠视真挚的情意。

3.情节:受尽歧视,花房邂逅——花房交往,感受温暖--重戴桂冠,冷落花农——再次落魄,重识真情。妙处:制造波澜,吸引读者;在对比中刻画人物,突出个性;有利于表现主题。

4.示例一:雕花烟斗是小说的线索。小说的标题是“雕花烟斗”;“雕花烟斗”,使得作品结构谨严;它是连接两个人物的纽带,画家雕刻烟斗,赠送烟斗,为烟斗而悔恨;花农欣赏烟斗,接受烟斗,临终前叼着烟斗。雕刻得最精美的烟斗应该属于心灵最美的人,画家的悔恨,表现了作者对人性纯美和人性弱点的重新审视。

示例二:凤尾菊是小说的线索。凤尾菊贯穿小说的所有情节,使得小说结构谨严;它是连接两个人物的纽带,花农养凤尾菊,画家喜欢凤尾菊花农几次给画家送凤尾菊,临终前还叮嘱儿子给画家送凤尾菊;凤尾菊是花农美好心灵的象征,象征善良、单纯、温厚、自然而然的人情,表现了作者对美好情感的歌颂。(若有其他答案,言之成理亦可。)

阅读理解

IT COULD HAPPEN TO YOU

Many people think there is no need to take special care over home security.

“I’m all right, I’m insured (保险)”

Maybe—if you’re fully insured. Even then you can never recover the real value you place on your possessions. But you can’t insure against the upset and unhappiness that we all feel if our homes are torn apart by some stranger, our windows and doors broken, our precious possessions ruined.

“It won’t happen to me”

Won’t it? A home is broken into every minute or so of the day. The thefts of all kinds, including cars and property stolen from cars, happen twice as frequently.

“I’ve nothing worth stealing”

You may think not. But in fact everyone has something worth a thief’s attention. And we all have things of special value to us even if they’re worth little or nothing in cash terms.

“I’m just a tenant (房客) here”

The thief doesn’t care whether you’re a tenant or an owner-occupier. You’re just as likely to be robbed. Have a word with the owner of the house if you think extra locks and fastenings are necessary.

“They’ll get in anyway”

Most thieves are on the lookout for easy jobs. They are soon discouraged by houses they can’t get into in any quick and easy way. So it’s worth taking care.

“This booklet will help you”

It’s based on the practical experience of police forces throughout the country. Most of the suggestions will cost you only a few minutes extra time and thought. A few may involve some expense, but this is small compared with the loss and unhappiness you might otherwise suffer.

If you are in doubt, ask for free advice from the Crillle Prevention Officer at your local police station.

小题1:Why do you still need to protect your possessions when you’ve already insured them?

A.You tend to undervalue your possessions.

B.You cannot insure against damage to property.

C.A robbery can affect your moods at home.

D.It takes a long time to recover your belongings.小题2: What should a tenant do if he is worried about the security of his home?

A.Fix new locks on all the doors.

B.Discuss the matter with the owner.

C.Check it up with the police.

D.Keep careful watch of the house.小题3:The advertisement says that most thieves ______.

A.prefer stealing from offices

B.like causing a lot of damage

C.break into any places they desire

D.get prevented by perfect guard equipment小题4:This advertisement aims to influence people who ______.

A.have little sense of security

B.are not properly insured

C.are worried about home security

D.have their houses broken into

多项选择题