问题 问答题 简答题

简述青少年运动员训练负荷的基本特点。

答案

参考答案:

力量训练负荷的特点:鉴于少年儿童的骨骼特点,力量训练应多采用发展全身各部位的一般力量练习,以及克服自身体重和持轻器械的练习手段。青少年运动员提高力量主要是靠提高肌肉的协调能力,而不是靠增大肌肉体积。岁以后可逐渐采用最大力量负荷的训练。力量训练应以动力性练习为主,少用静力性练习(年龄越小越要注意这个问题)。

速度训练负荷的特点:速度提高取决于步频和步长,而频率取决于协调能力,步长取决于力量。7-14岁动作频率提高快,所以在速度训练中,提高协调能力的训练和负荷要占较大的比重,14岁后要提高步长,就必须加强力量训练。在速度训练中,无氧训练应加以限制。少年速度训练手段宜采用一些自然快速动作,如各种逐性游戏,短程接力赛等,发育期后可逐渐增多发展速度力量的练习。

耐力训练负荷的特点:耐力素质的发展水平一般是随着年龄的提高而提高。但是13岁应以发展有氧耐力为主,无氧耐力的发展在青春发育期开始进行,并随着年龄增长而不断提高对无氧耐力的要求。对儿童、少年进行有氧耐力训练负荷的控制常采用以脉搏频率作为指标。每分钟脉搏在150-170次为适宜状态。

灵敏及柔韧性训练负荷的特点:灵敏素质的发展同协调能力有密切的联系,应加强对少年多种多样动作技能的训练。灵敏训练注意力高度集中,易疲劳,训练时间不宜过长,并要同其他素质练习交替进行。柔韧性训练要与项目相结合,要与力量的发展相结合,要注意各关节灵活性和协调性的发展。

阅读理解
阅读理解。
       Last September I decided to fly from my hometown, Phoenix, to visit my sister in Seattle. I wanted to
take my dog Rosie with me, so I spoke to my vet (兽医) before I booked the tickets. Rosie would have to
travel in a large wooden box, and I wanted to check that she would be OK. The vet said that Rosie would be
fine because it was only a short flight.
       When the plane landed in Seattle at five o'clock, I asked the flight attendant if I could stay in my seat
until Rosie was taken off the plane. The flight attendant told me to get off the plane immediately, and that I
should wait for Rosie at the baggage claim area (行李认领处). So I went to the baggage claim area and
waited until all the baggage had been taken off the plane. Soon I was the only person waiting and there was
still no sign of Rosie.
      After forty-five minutes, I asked a woman who worked for the airline if she could find out where my
dog was. After I'd waited another thirty minutes, she told me that the plane was now flying to Los Angeles.
Rosie was still on the plane! It wasn't until eleven thirty that night that the airline found Rosie in Los Angeles.
There were no more flights that night so she had to spend the night in her box at Los Angeles airport.
      I got Rosie back the next morning, but by this time she had been in her box for over eighteen hours.
Poor Rosie!
1. Ruth flied to Seattle to _______.
[ ]
A. pick up her dog
B. visit her sister
C. travel around
D. book the tickets
2. Rosie spent the night _______.
[ ]
A. in Phoenix
B. on the plane
C. in Ruth's house
D. at Los Angeles airport
3. The vet told Ruth that _______.
[ ]
A. she could take Rosie with her on the plane
B. her sister should prepare a big wooden box
C. Rosie should spend a night in the box
D. she could be in her seat to wait for Rosie
4. Ruth waited at the baggage claim area for _______.
[ ]
A. forty-five minutes
B. thirty minutes
C. more than an hour
D. eighteen hours
5. From the passage we can know that _______.
[ ]
A. the box with Rosie in was taken away by others
B. Rosie wasn't taken off the plane in Seattle
C. it was not allowed to take pets on the plane
D. the attendant was not very polite
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