问题 问答题 简答题

请谈谈语言变异。

答案

参考答案:

拉波夫认为,语言变异就是“对同一件事物存在不同的说法”。也可以认为,语言变异指的是某个语言项目,在实际使用着的话语中的状况。通俗地讲,就是一个语言项目在实际使用中的形式。在一种条件下使用甲形式,在另一种条件下使用乙形式,在其他条件下可能还有丙形式、丁形式等。社会语言学要研究的语言变异,一般是指在社会因素影响下而产生的变异。社会因素包括性别、年龄、阶级、民族、行业等等和人有关的因素。

例如:北京话中第二人称有“你”和“您”两个。“你”是一般的指称,“您”是尊称。变异的条件是一般指称还是尊称。

单项选择题

Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to re search at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet (47) more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn’’t that people who were already feeling (48) spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net (49) appeared to cause the bad feelings. Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were completely (50) to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove socially (51) than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others. The fact that Internet use reduces time (52) for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless "virtual" (53) may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that (54) to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives. "But it’’s important to (55) this is not a bout the technology itself; it’’s about how it is used," says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study’’s sponsors. "It really (56) to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology."WORD BANKA) communication I) badB) meaningful J) pointsC) exposureK) availableD) agrees L) repeatedlyE) efficiency M) rememberF) contraryN) experiencedG) connection O) healthierH) actually

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