问题 问答题 简答题

DSS系统结构中的三角式结构、串联结构和融合式结构的区别

答案

参考答案:(1)三角式结构:把DSS的三大构件组成一个三角式的网络结构,用户通过对话管理部分以各种对话形式直接与数据管理和模型管理部分对话,查询或操作数据库,或运行模型获得结果。在查询数据库时,根据对话管理部分送来的命令信息,由数据管理部分进行查询,然后再把结果经由对话管理部分送回用户。在运行模型时,直接从外界获得输入参数,或者从数据库中查出数据作为输入,模型运行后产生的记过通过对话管理部分直接送给用户。所以,三个管理部分都有直接联系,而且两两之间应有互相进行通信的接口。

(2)串联结构:对话管理部分若与数据管理部分传达命令或接受数据都要间接通过模型管理部分来转达。这样稍增加了一点模型管理的功能,但省去了一套接口,是结构更加简单,更易于开发和维护。

(3)融合式结构:数据管理部分被熔合在模型管理之中,所以两者之间互不独立,模型管理和数据管理之间没有明显的接口。数据库和模型库的维护和管理统一地由一个数据库管理系统来实现,而模型管理主要负责模型的建立、选择、拼接、组合、运行控制以及数据库控制的转换等。

单项选择题
单项选择题

With the spread of inter-active electronic media a man alone in his own home will never have been so well placed to fill the inexplicable mental space between cradle and crematorium. So I suspect that books will be pushed more and more into those moments of travel or difficult defecation (1) people still don’t quite know what to do with.

When people do read, I think they’ll want to feel they are reading literature, or (2) something serious. (3) you’re going to find fewer books presenting themselves as no- nonsense and (4) assuming literary pretensions and being packaged as works of art. We can expect an extraordinary variety of genre, but with an underlying (5) of sentiment and vision.

Translators can only (6) from this desire for the presumably sophisticated. We can look forward to lots of difficult names and fantastic stories of foreign parts enthusiastically (7) by the overall worship of the "global village" Much of this will be awful and some wonderful, (8) don’t expect the press or the organizers of prizes to offer you much help in making the appropriate distinctions. They will be chiefly (9) in creating celebrity, the greatest enemy of discrimination, but a good prop for the (10) consumer.

Every ethnic grouping over the world will have to be seen to have a great writer--a phenomenon that will (11) a new kind of provincialism, more chronological than geographic, (12) only the strictly contemporary is talked about and (13) . Universities, including Cambridge, will include (14) their literature syllabus novels written only last year. (15) occasional exhumation for the Nobel, the achievements of ten or only five years ago will be largely forgotten.

In short, you can’t go too far wrong when predicting more of the same. But there is a (16) side to this--the inevitable reaction against it. The practical things I would like to see happen--publishers seeking less to (17) celebrity through extravagant advertising, (18) and magazines (19) space to reflective pieces--are rather more improbable than the Second Coming (耶稣复临). But dullness never quite darkens the whole planet. In their own idiosyncratic fashion a few writers will (20) be looking for new departures.

10()

A.devoted

B.confused

C.sensible

D.isolated