问题 问答题 简答题

简述社会学关于社会越轨行为的主要理论。

答案

参考答案:

从社会学角度解释越轨行为产生原因的主要理论有:

1、默顿的社会失范理论:默顿认为所谓失范就是人们用社会认为合法的手段不能实现自己的文化目标时发生的,而对于这种情形的一个共同的反应就是越轨行为,即用不合社会规范的手段来实现自己的文化目标;

2、塞林的文化冲突理论:塞林的文化冲突理论将引起社会越轨的原因归结为:不同文化之间的冲突,将注意力集中到民族、宗教、职业等方面的文化差异,认为不同的民族、阶层、地域的人的信仰、信念、价值观念、行为模式各不相同,当不同集团的利益和目标发生矛盾时,往往导致冲突,产生越轨行为;

3、科恩的亚文化群论:一个人可能在这样一个集团或群体内生活,这个群体有一种稳定的,但与主文化的价值体系不同的价值体系,这样的群体成为亚文化群,个体如果长期生活在亚文化群体中,受其价值体系的影响就可能产生犯罪。

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Today we tell about the expression "down to earth". Down to earth means being open and honest. It is

easy to deal with someone who is down to earth. Such people could be important members of society, but

they do not consider themselves to be better than others who are less important. They do not let their

importance "go to their heads." Someone who lets something go to his head feels he is better than others.

He has a "big head."

     A person who is filled with his own importance and pride is said to have "his nose in the air." Often the

person who has a big head and his nose in the air has no reason to feel better than others.

     Americans use another expression that is similar in some ways to down to earth-"both feet on the ground."

Someone with both feet on the ground is a person with a good understanding of reality. She has what is

called "common sense." She does not allow her dreams to block her understanding of what is real.

     The opposite kind of person is one who has his "head in the clouds. "Someone with his head in the clouds

is a person whose mind is not on what is happening in real life. Such a person may be called a"daydreamen."

     The person who is down to earth usually has both feet on the ground. But the opposite is not always true.

Someone with both feet on the ground may not be as open and easy to deal with as someone who is down

to earth.

     When we have both our feet firmly on the ground,and when we are down to earth,we do not have our

noses in the air. We act honestly and openly to others. And our lives are like the ground below up-solid and

strong.

1. He who considers himself to be better and more important than others is likely to _____. [ ]

A. have his head in the clouds

B. be easy to deal with

C. have a "common sense"

D. have "a big head"

2. Which of the following expressions is similar to "down to earth"? [ ]

A. "his nose in the air"

B. "go to his head"

C. "both feet on the ground"

D. "daydreamer"

3. The passage is mainly about _____. [ ]

A. some popular American expressions

B. how to be down to earth

C. why to be honest and open

D. how to deal with someone who is down to earth