问题 问答题 简答题

请论述隧道二次衬砌渗漏水原因及预防、治理措施。

答案

参考答案:

漏水主要有三方面原因:

一是防水层方面原因,二是排水系统的原因,三是其它方面的原因。

防水层方面,一是选用的防水层质量问题,二是防水层施工质量问题,预防措施是选择适用于隧道工程的具有足够强度、延展度的防水层。施工中严格按规范进行粘、焊接,对焊缝进行充气检测,并在铺挂时预留足够的松弛量。防水层铺挂完成后,要注意防水层的保护,尤其是二次衬砌钢筋绑扎和焊接期间,要采取措施防止防水层被损坏,若有损坏,在二次衬砌浇筑前应认真修补。

排水系统方面,要保证排水管位于防水层之下的设计位置处,且不能在二次衬砌浇筑过程中被混凝土污染堵塞,每循环的环向、纵向排水管应注意连接沟通。在水沟、电缆槽浇筑时,要特别注意将排水管环向排水管引出,不能被阻塞。

其它方面,在二次衬砌混凝土浇筑过程中应注意振捣工作质量,确保混凝土的密实度。防水混凝土应注意防水外加剂的掺量。二次衬砌混凝土出现渗水时,应根据渗漏的原因制定详细的引、排措施,切忌一刀切的处理方案。有防冻要求的地区,处理方案更应慎重。二次衬砌完成后对围岩进行注浆加固很容易导致排水系统堵塞,要慎行。

阅读理解

Today, in many high schools, teaching is now a technical miracle of computer labs, digital cameras, DVD players and laptops. Teachers can e-mail parents, post messages for students on online bulletin(公告,告示) boards, and take attendance with a quick movement of a mouse.

Even though we are now living in the digital age, the basic and most important element of education has not changed. Most students still need that one-on-one, teacher-student relationship to learn and to succeed. Teenagers need instruction in English, math or history, but they also want personal advice and encouragement. Kids talk with me about their families, their weekend plans, their favorite TV shows and their relationship problems. In my English and journalism classes, we talk about Shakespeare and persuasive(富有哲理的) essays, but we also discuss college basketball, the war in Iraq and career choices. Students show me pictures of their rebuilt cars, their family vacations, and their newborn baby brothers. This personal connection is the necessary link between teachers and students that no amount of technology can improve upon or replace.

A few years ago I had a student in sophomore English who was struggling with my class and with school in general. Although he was a humorous young man who liked to joke around, I knew his family life was far from ideal. Whenever I approached him about missing homework or low test grades, he always had the same reply, “It doesn’t matter because I’m quitting school anyway.” Even though he always said this in a half-teasing way, I knew he needed to hear my different opinion and my “value of a high school education” lecture. He needed to hear this speech from me. After he left my class, he struggled through the next two years of school. But, he did finally graduate because we kept telling him to hang in there. We’d cared about him finishing school.

Recently, I saw this former student working at a local Italian restaurant. I told him again how proud I was of him. He said that he was hoping to go back to school to become a certified electrician. I encouraged him to get that training.

Students rely on compassionate teachers to guide, to tutor, to listen, to laugh and to cry with them. Teachers provide the most important link in the educational process—the human one.

小题1:The first paragraph mainly talks about _____________.

A.the variety of modern teaching methods.

B.the wide use of modern technology in education

C.the importance of teacher-parent relationship.

D.the importance of using modern technology.小题2:The underlined word “ compassionate” in Para 5 means ____________.

A.ambitious

B.knowledgeable

C.sympathetic

D.generous小题3: According to the text, the most important element in education is _________.

A.teachers’ good instruction

B.advanced technology

C.teachers’ encouragement

D.personal connection小题4:The author states his view of education by __________.

A.example

B.description

C.figure

D.comparison

单项选择题 A1/A2型题