问题 问答题 论述题

汉族族源的多元性。

答案

参考答案:

汉族作为一个民族共同体,是在漫长的历史发展中融合了众多民族的成分的基础上形成的。

(1)汉族的前身是华夏族。华夏族的族源是上古时期,炎黄氏族部落及在中原地区的少数部族的联合集团。经过夏商周及春秋战国的发展和融合,逐步形成汉族雏形。

(2)秦朝的强大,邻族部落在相当长的时间内,把华夏族称为秦人。汉继秦业,继续推进汉族的形成过程,使华夏族完成了向汉族的发展和转化。汉朝之民往往以“汉人”自称。此时,“汉人”初步具备了民族称谓的特征。

(3)魏晋南北朝时期,“五胡”成为统治民族,其割下的臣民也一起成为汉人的一部分。在中原内的“五胡”,也被称为“汉人”。到辽、宋、金、元时期,大批的周边民族进入中原地区,逐渐与汉族融合,“汉人”的称呼更为普遍和频繁。汉人已经是他称和自称相统一的民族称谓。

(4)明清时期,各族间的经济文化来往频繁,互相通婚和自然融合普遍。满族入关和灭亡,许多满族融入汉族,成为汉族一员。

(5)在新时期中,由于国家社会经济文化的空前发展,各族进行通婚,交往密切,各族人民也逐渐同化和融入汉族之中,在汉族大家庭中又注入了新的血液。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     This is News on the Hour, Ed Wilson reporting. The president and First Lady will visit Africa on a good will tour in May. They plan to visit eight African countries.

     Reports from China say the Chinese want closer ties between China and the U.S. and Western Europe. A group of top Chinese scientists starts its ten-nation tour next month.

     Here in Miami, the mayor is still meeting with the leader of the Teachers’ Union to try to find a way to end the strike. City schools are still closed after two weeks. In news about health, scientists in California report findings of a relationship between the drinking of coffee and the increase of heart diseases among women. According to the report in the American Medical Journal, the five-year study shows that: women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than women who do not.

     In sports, the Chargers lost again last night. The BBS beat them 1 to nothing. The Wingers had better results. They beat the Rifles 7 to 3.It was their first win in their last five months.

That’s the news of the hour. And now back to more easy listening with Jan Singer.

1. To improve the ties between China and the U.S. and Western Europe______.

A. some Chinese scientists will visit U.S. and Western Europe

B. China will send some scientist to visit the U.S. only

C. China has expressed its strong wishes.

D. China has given many reports to improve the ties

2. From the news in Miami we know______.

A. peaceful way will soon be found

B. the teachers’ strike will last long

C. students can’t go to school with the classroom tightly closed

D. students haven’t been to school for two weeks

3. The news about health tells us that______.

A. no one should drink more than two cups of coffee a day

B. women’s heart disease has a lot to do with their drinking coffee

C. no heart disease will be found if people don’t drink coffee

D. the more coffee people drink, the more chance they’ll get to have heart disease

4. From the last news we do NOT know______.

A. the results of the two matches

B. the Wingers played the Rifles

C. the number of the teams which played last night

D. how many times the Wingers has lost in the past five months

5. The passage is probably from______.

A. a radio station

B. a magazine

C. a Medical Journal

D. a newspaper

单项选择题 A2型题