问题 填空题

一位政协委员说:“看形势要像欣赏油画一样,只有站在远处才能看出大势,领略其中的妙处,但求大势不能不注意细节,求速度不能不注意质量。随着经济的发展和环境的变化,许多操作层面的问题不断暴露出来,需要我们由表及里,去粗取精,不断完善我们的游戏规则,从追求量的提高到实现质的飞跃。”

阅读材料,运用认识论的有关知识回答:

(1)从思维方式上看,我们为什么既要求大势,又要注意细节?

(2)面对不断变化的形势,我们应当运用何种思维?

答案

(1)“求大势”在思维方法上就是对事物进行综合,即把分解开来的各个要素结合起来,组成一个整体的思维方法和思考过程,“注意细节”在思维方法上就是对事物进行分析,即把事物的整体或过程分解为各个要素,分别加以研究的一种思维方法和过程。另外,作为整体的事物,都是由它的各个部分、关系、属性有机组成的统一体,都是由它的若干变化、发展阶段内在联结而构成的过程。因此,人们认识事物时,既要对事物及其过程的有关要素进行分析,又要对事物从整体上进行综合把握。

(2)面对不断变化的形势,我们应当运用综合和分析相统一的科学思维方法,既要注意在综合指导下的深入分析,义要注意在分析基础上的综合,并在分析和综合的思维过程中,加以合理想象,发挥创造性思维,以适应不断变化的形势,为我国社会发展做出更大的贡献。

第(1)问中,求大势即注重事物之间的联系,用综合的思维方法考虑问题;注意细节是对事物各个要素具体研究的思维方法。回答时要从分析与综合的重要性以及二者的关系角度作答。第(2)问设问直接,依据教材组织答案即可。

多项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Hank Viscardi was born without legs. He had no legs but stumps (残肢) that could be fitted with a kind

of special boots. People stared at him with cruel interest. Children laughed at him and called him 'Ape Man'

because his arms practically dragged on the ground.

     Hank went to school like other boys. His grades were good and he needed only eight years to finish his

schooling instead of the usual twelve. After graduating from school, he worked his way through college. He

swept floors, waited on table, or worked in one of the college offices. During all this busy life, he had been

moving around on his stumps. But one day the doctor told him even the stumps were not going to last much

longer. He would soon have to use a wheel chair. Hank felt himself got cold all over. However, the doctor

said there was a chance that he could be fitted with artificial legs (假腿). Finally a leg maker was found and

the day came when Hank stood up before the mirror. For the first time he saw himself as he has always

wanted to be-a full five feet eight inches tall. By this time he was already 26 years old.

     Hank had to learn to use his new legs. Again and again he marched the length of the room, and marched

back again. There were times when he fell down on the floor, but he pulled himself up and went back to the

endless marching. He went out on the street. He climbed stairs and learned to dance. He built a boat and learned

to sail it.

     When World War II came, he talked the Red Cross into giving him a job. He took the regular training. He

marched and drilled along with the other soldiers. Few knew that he was legless. This was the true story of

Hank Viscardi, a man without legs.

1. It can be inferred from the story that five feet eight inches tall is _____. [ ]

A. an average height for a fully grown person

B. too tall for an average person

C. too short for an average person

D. none of the above

2. The sentence "he talked the Red Cross into giving him a job" implies that the Red Cross _____.[ ]

A. was only glad to give him a job

B. gave him a job because he was a good soldier

C. gave him a job after he talked to someone whom he knew in the organization

D. was not willing to give him a job at first

3. When Hank marched and drilled along with the other soldiers, he _____. [ ]

A. did everything the other soldiers did

B. did most of the things the other soldiers did

C. did some of the things the other soldiers did

D. took some special training

4. The writer suggests that Hank Viscardi _____. [ ]

A. had no friends

B. never saw himself as different from others

C. was very shy

D. was too proud to accept help from others