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油茶炭疽病症状、发病规律?

答案

参考答案:

症状:为害果、叶、枝、梢和花蕾等部位。

①果实:病斑黑褐色或棕褐色,后期有轮生的小黑点,即病菌的分生孢子盘。雨后或露水湿润,产生粘性粉红色的分生孢子堆。果实从中间开裂。

②叶片:病斑多发生在叶缘或叶尖,半圆形或不规则形,中心灰白色,内轮生小黑点。

③新梢:多发生在基部,少数发生在中部,椭圆或梭形,略下陷,边缘淡红色,后期病斑呈褐色,中部带灰色,有黑色小点及纵向裂纹。

④枝干:病斑呈梭形溃疡状或不规则下陷,病斑和枝干有明显界限。

⑤花蕾:多发生在基部鳞片上,呈不规则形,黑褐色或黄褐色,无明显边缘,也不隆起;病梗后期呈灰白色,上有黑点。病重时芽枯,蕾落。

发病规律:

①病菌以菌丝体及分生孢子或子囊腔在病枝干或病枝上越冬;

②传播方式:雨水,昆虫传播;

③4月初开始发病,危害嫩叶梢;5月中旬至6月侵染果实;

④油茶不同物种,品种和类型抗炭疽病程度不同。

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It is clear that we are rapidly becoming a global culture. New forms of information technology, intercontinental travel, and the complex nature of economics are all elements in such a change. Japan, an ancient (1) culture, now dominates the West economically while its own traditional (2) is rapidly becoming (3) in the process.
It does not take a great deal of analysis to see the vast interchanges of cultural influences in the world today. The thirst for (4) fashions, popular music, and the other elements of consumer culture (5) great inroads in non-Western lands while the West seeks out everything from the religious traditions of the Ease (6) the art and music these countries produce. In the field of (7) , to cite one conspicuous example, contemporary readers seek books (8) those of the West. Latin American authors, as well as those from Africa, Asia, and India, now find appreciative audiences.
A (9) culture does not mean a unitary or "one world" culture. It does mean that people are increasingly aware of the diversity of culture. World events enter our living rooms so that things that may once have been (10) of as distant (11) now greet us immediately and in color. We may watch those events on a television made in Japan while wearing clothes sewn in Thailand and shoes made in Hungary while snacking (12) food grown in Mexico. Such an economic interdependence reflects the reality of a global banking system, the globalization of the economy, and the increasing (13) of information and information technologies.
(14) has this shrinking of distances (and attitudes) become more clear than in the academic debates over what constitutes a liberal (15) education today. Is it possible (or desirable) to have the Western core of humanities (16) the center-piece of a curriculum The place of non-Western and non-traditional cultures as part of the general (17) of a student is hotly argued in educational circles. The very fact of that discussion (18) to the emergence of a global consciousness with a continued shrinking of parochial attitudes. The (19) that such globalization is hotly debated only emphasizes the profound nature of the (20) taking place in our culture.