问题 问答题 简答题

简述科学和技术的异同点。

答案

参考答案:

技术和科学在本质上都反映了人对自然的能动关系,都属于生产力范畴,但它们与自然的关系不同,科学是人对自然能动关系的知识形态,是人对自然的理论关系,属于间接生产力或一般生产力;技术则是人对自然能动关系的现实形态,是人对自然的实践关系,属于直接生产力;其次,二者的目的不同,科学属于认识范畴,它主要回答“是什么”和“为什么”的问题,并建立起相应的知识体系,技术属于实践范畴,主要解决对客观世界(作用对象)“做什么”和“如何做”的问题,并建立起相应的操作体系;再次,两者的可预见性程度不同,科学的具体的发展途径如何,哪一项突破在什么时间在哪个实验室出来,一般来说是不可预见的,而技术是以对自然界的认识为依据,就有了明确的目标和实验目标的手段,并根据人们的需要和现实的可能,包括人力、资金和技术条件进行规划,因此总体来说技术是可预见的。最后,对二者的评价标准也不同,科学进步的标准在于能否完善科学理论,扩大科学知识的储备;技术提高的标准在于是否能生产出新的和更高的产品。

阅读理解

Mrs. Baker’s sister was ill. She had someone to look after her from Monday to Friday, but not at the weekend, so every Friday evening Mrs. Baker used to go off to spend the weekend with her at her home in a neighbouring town. But as Mr. Baker could not cook, she had arranged (安排) for his sister to come over and spend the weekend looking after him at their home. This meant that Mr. Baker had busy time when he came home from work on Friday evenings. First he had to drive home from the railway station. Then he had to drive his wife to the station to catch her train. And then he had to wait until his sister’s train arrived, so as to take her to his house.

Of course, on Sunday evening he had to drive his sister to the station to catch her train back home, and then wait for his wife’s train, so as to bring her home.

One Sunday evening, he had seen his sister off on her train and was waiting for his wife’s arrival when a porter ( 搬运工 ), who had often seen him at the station, came over and spoke to him, “You are having a lot of fun,” he said, “ But one day one of those women is going to catch you with the other, and then you will be in real trouble!”

小题1: Who was ill?  ___________

A.Mr. Baker

B.Mrs. Baker

C.Mr. Baker’s sister

D.Mrs. Baker’s sister小题2: Who looked after the sick person on weekdays?

A.Mr. Baker’s sister

B.Mrs. Baker’s sister

C.Mrs. Baker

D.Someone acting as a nurse小题3: Why did Mr. Baker go to the railway station on Friday and Sunday evening? __________

A.Because he had to see his wife and sister off and brought them home.

B.To take his sister to his own home.

C.To bring his wife back home.

D.To look after his sister.小题4: Where did Mr. Baker spend the weekend?  ___________

A.At home

B.In his office

C.In his sister’s home

D.In a neighbouring town小题5: Why did the porter say Mr. Baker would be in trouble?   Because __________.

A.Mr. Baker was making fun of the two ladies

B.Mrs. Baker would laugh at her husband

C.He thought the two women are Mr. Baker’s girl friends

D.The two ladies were playing games with Mr. Baker

判断题