（25分）阅读材料，完成下列要求。

材料一 崇祯十三年（1640年）夏，李自成率部从湖北房县出发，进入河南，起义军针对明末土地高度集中、赋役繁重、民不聊生的社会现实，明确提出了“均田免粮”的口号，深受广大农民的拥护，到处传唱着“开了大门迎闯王，闯王来时不纳粮”的歌谣。崇祯十七年（1644年）正月，李自成改西安为长安，称西京，建国号大顺。三月十九日晨，大顺军攻入（北京）内城，崇祯帝在万寿山（煤山）自缢，统治276年的明王朝宣告覆灭。四月三十日，大顺军撤出北京。五月初二日，清军入京。

——摘编自朱绍侯、张海鹏、齐涛主编《中国古代史》

材料二 欧洲政治革命的第一阶段是17世纪的英国革命。英国这场大变动的根源可以在国会和斯图亚特王朝之间的冲突中找到；这场冲突后来演变成一场公开的内战，内战中，国会获胜。英国国会胜利的结果是建立起代议制立宪政体——这是英国对欧洲、对世界的最大的政治贡献。

从14世纪中叶到19世纪欧洲人开始真正侵入中国为止，这整个时代是人类有史以来政治清明、社会稳定的伟大时代之一；传统的制度和习俗——农业经济、儒家生活方式、选拔政府官员的考试制度和身居北京的天子的受人尊敬的统治——一直在顺利地、令人满意地继续着。

——摘编自斯塔夫里阿诺斯著《全球通史》

（1）根据材料一、二并结合所学知识，简述17世纪40年代发生在中英两国的重大政治事件的结果。（6分）

（2）根据材料二并结合所学知识，“17世纪的英国革命”斗争的焦点是什么？其实质是什么？英国是如何建立与完善“代议制立宪政体”的？（11分）

（3）根据材料二并结合所学知识，谈谈你对“从14世纪中叶到19世纪欧洲人开始真正侵入中国为止”，中国“传统的制度和习俗”“一直在顺利地、令人满意地继续着”的观点的看法。（8分）

阅读理解。

                                                                   Life in 2060

      Let us suppose it is now about A.D. 2060. Let's imagine it is about fifty years from now. Of course, things have changed and life is very different.

     Voyages to the moon are being made every day. It is as easy to take a holiday on the moon today as it was

for the people in 1960 to take a holiday in Europe. At a number of scenic spots on the moon, many hotels have

been built. The hotels are air-conditioned, naturally. In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on

the moon, every room has at least one picture window. Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of

young and old.

     What are people eating now? People are still eating food. But many foods now come in pill form, and the

food that goes into the pill continues to come mainly from green plants.

     Since there are several times as many people in the world today as there were a hundred years ago, most of

our planet's surface has to be filled. The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer destroyed by

pests. The harvest is always good.

     Farming, of course, is very highly developed. Very few people have to work on the farm. It is possible to

run the farm by just pushing a few buttons now and then.

     People are now largely vegetarians (素食者). You see, as the number of people increases, the number of

animals decreases. Therefore, the people have to be vegetarians and we are healthier both in our bodies and in

our minds, and we know the causes and cure of disease and pain, and it is possible to get rid of diseases. No

one has to be ill any more.

     Such would be our life in 2060.

1. According to the passage, what will be on the moon in about A. D.2060?

A. Many tourists.

B. Many other animals.

C. Many plants.

D. A sea.

2. What will people eat then according to the passage?

A. Biscuits in pill form.

B. Foods in pill form.

C. Foods in water form.

D. Foods in gas form.

3. The passage tells us that in 2060, _____ on the earth than now.

A. there are fewer population

B. there are more pests

C. there is less water

D. the crops are getting better

4. Why are people largely vegetarians in 2060?

A. Because they don't eat meat.

B. Because doctors advise them not to eat meat.

C. Because the number of animals decreases.

D. Because all the animals have died of diseases.