问题 问答题 案例分析题

风为百病之长故医书咸以中风列于首门其论症则有真中类中中经络血脉脏腑之分其论治则有攻风劫痰养血润燥补气培元之治盖真中虽风从外来亦由内虚而邪得以乘虚而入北方风气刚劲南方风气柔和故真中之病南少北多其真中之方前人已大备不必赘论其类中之症则河间立论云因烦劳则五志过极动火而卒中皆因热甚生火东垣立论因元气不足则邪凑之令人僵仆卒倒如风状是因乎气虚而丹溪则又云东南气温多湿由湿生痰痰生热热生风故主乎湿三者皆辨明类中之由也类者伪也近代以来医者不分真伪每用羌防星半乌附细辛以祛风豁痰虚症实治不啻如枘凿之殊矣今叶氏发明内风乃身中阳气之变动肝为风脏因精血衰耗水不涵木木少滋荣故肝阳偏亢内风时起治以滋液熄风濡养营络补阴潜阳如虎潜固本复脉之类是也若阴阳并损无阳则阴无以化故以温柔濡润之通补如地黄饮子还少丹之类是也更有风木过动中土受戕不能御其所胜如不寐不食卫疏汗泄饮食变痰治以六君玉屏风茯苓饮酸枣仁汤之属或风阳上僭痰火阻窍神识不清则有至宝丹芳香宣窍或辛凉清上痰火法虽未备实足以补前人之未及至于审症之法有身体缓纵不收耳聋目瞀口开眼合撒手遗尿失音鼾睡此本实先拨阴阳枢纽不交与暴脱无异并非外中之风乃纯虚症也故先生急用大剂参附以回阳恐纯刚难受必佐阴药以挽回万一若肢体拘挛半身不遂口眼斜舌强言謇二便不爽此本体先虚风阳挟痰火壅塞以致营卫脉络失和治法急则先用开关继则益气养血佐以消痰清火宣通经遂之药气充血盈脉络通利则病可痊愈至于风痱风懿风痹瘫痪乃风门之兼症理亦相同案中种种治法余未能尽宣其理不过略举大纲分类叙述以便后人观览馀门仿此(《临证指南医案·中风》华岫云按)

中风一症,在叶氏之前,有()之分,治疗多采用()方法。

答案

参考答案:

中风一症,在叶氏之前,有真中类中、中经络血脉藏腑之分,治疗多采用攻风劫痰、养血润燥、补气培元方法。

单项选择题
填空题

Five Painful Facts You Need to Know


0. First of all, let’s set the record straight: Pain is normal. About 75 million U.S. residents endure chronic or recurrent pain. So what is pain and why do so many suffer so long Pain is felt when electrical signals are sent from nerve endings to your brain, which in turn can release painkillers called endorphins and generate reactions that range from instant and physical to long-term and emotional. Beyond that, scientific understanding gets painfully fuzzy. Here’s what’s known:
1. When you’re in pain, you know it. But if scientists could fully grasp how pain works and why, they might be able to help you more. The American Academy of Pain Medicine defines pain as "an unpleasant sensation and emotional response to that sensation." Some pain is the result of an obvious injury. Other times, it is caused by damaged nerves that are not so easy to pinpoint. "Pain is complex and defies our ability to establish a clear definition," says Kathryn Weiner, director of the American Academy of Pain Management. "Pain is far more than neural transmission and sensory transduction. Pain is a complex mixture of emotions, culture, experience, spirit and sensation."
2. If you have chronic pain, you know how demoralizing and debilitating it can be, physically and mentally. It can prevent you from doing things and make you irritable for reasons nobody else understands. But that’s only half the story. People with chronic backaches have brains as much as 11 percent smaller than those of non-sufferers, scientists reported in 2004. They don’t know why. "It is possible it’s just the stress of having to live with the condition," said study leader A. Vania Apkarian of Northwestern University. "The neurons become overactive or tired of the activity."
3. It may not eliminate the phrase "Not tonight, honey ..." but a 2006 study found that migraine sufferers had levels of sexual desire 20 percent higher than those suffering from tension headaches. The finding suggests sexual desire and migraines might be influenced by the same brain chemical, and getting a better handle on the link could lead to better treatments, at least for the pain portion of the equation.
4. Any man who has watched a woman having a baby without using drugs would swear that women can tolerate anything. But the truth is, it hurts more than you can imagine. Women have more nerve receptors than men. As an example, women have 34 nerve fibers per square centimeter of facial skin, while men average just 17. And in a 2005 study, women were found to report more pain throughout their lifetimes and, compared to men, they feel pain in more areas of their body and for longer durations.
5. Animal research could offer clues to eventually relieve human suffering. Take the naked mole rat, a hairless and nearly blind subterranean creature. A study this year found it feels neither the pain of acid nor the sting of chili peppers. If researchers can figure out why, they might be on the road to new sorts of painkilling therapies for humans. In 2006, scientists found a pathway for the transmission of chronic pain in rats that they hope will translate into better understanding of human chronic pain. Lobsters feel no pain, even when boiled, scientists said in a 2005 report that is just one more salvo in a long-running debate.
A. Women feel more pain
B. Chronic pain is common
C. Chronic pain shrinks brains
D. Migraines and sex go together
E. Pain brings about more stress
F. Scientists don’t understand pain fully
G. Animal research may relieve human pain

Paragraph 3 ______