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怎样理解文学接受是一种交流活动?

答案

参考答案:

文学活动是一种社会性的话语活动。文学活动自古以来就具有一定的社会交际与沟通的作用。早在先秦时期,孔子在论述诗歌的作用时就说到“诗可以群”。“群”即意为文学作品可以使广大接受者沟通情感、和谐交往、相互切磋、共同提高。文学交流自文学产生之日就一直存在,而且随着时代的发展其地位也越来越重要。原始社会的劳动号子、巫术仪式说到底都是一种交流模式。今天随着现象学、阐释学的发展,文学的交流属性就尤为重要。我们知道文学交流源于日常生活,又不同于日常生活。日常生活是单向度的非对称的,可能是强制性的、说教的、枯燥的,或者是扭曲的。但是这一切都难以发生在文学交流中。文学接受的一大特性就是自律性。自律性是指接受主体(读者)对特定文学作品所产生的一系列的反映都应该是发自内心的,并且是自愿的投入到文学作品的世界之中的。正是从文学自律的意义上,主体才可能自由心境的基础上获得多样化的感受,从而促进文学接受的丰富性。也正是由于文学接受的自律性和丰富性,也才为文学交流之间的平等对话提供了可能。而这种对话机制,也正是现代社会所需要的。艾布拉姆斯所论述的文学的四要素虽然是相对独立的,但是也更是相互依存、相互渗透、相互作用,浑然一体的。也就是说在某种程度上来看,它们是相互交流的。正是在这一意义上,也决定了文学接受作为审美交流活动,主要表现在四个方面,即读者与作者的交流,读者与作品中人物角色的交流,读者与其他读者的交流,以及读者与作品所描写的整个自然、社会以及全人类的交流。

阅读理解

(2014·山东实验中学一模)When Peng Liyuan stepped off the plane in Moscow,the whole world wanted to know who dressed the elegant first lady.The reporter released the secret—Ma Ke.

Peng Liyuan has been wearing Ma Ke’s designs for more than a decade,a fact that was only highlighted recently when she was on her first state visit,accompanying her husband President Xi Jinping.The elegant and attractive Peng,formerly a popular singer,has been compared with the US’ first lady Michelle Obama and France’s Carla Bruni­Sarkozy,since stepping off the airplane in Moscow on March 22.Suddenly,everyone was curious to know more about the first lady’s wardrobe.

Even so,Ma prefers a low­key approach.“If you eat a tasty egg why would you want to see the hen?” she says of all the media attention.

Ma’s relationship with Peng began 10 years ago after a concert in Guangzhou when a reporter told Peng she knew the designer behind the label Exception de Mixmind.Peng asked for an introduction because she was a fan of Ma’s designs and had been wearing them for years.

The two naturally became friends.Ma says:“The painting reflects the painter,and clothes reflect both the designer and the wearer.Someone desires fame and wealth,or love and sympathy;what you have in your heart is reflected in the design.Those who don’t share my philosophy won’t buy my clothes.Peng is a caring person,devoted to charity and environmental protection,which is exactly what I’m doing now.”

However,regardless of the brand,Peng’s support of Chinese labels has surprised millions of Chinese who favor foreign fashion brands.

“Instead she presented a vision of Chinese fashion,desiring to bring Chinese designers to the world stage,” says a western designer.

The first lady’s double­breasted coat and her black leather handbag aren’t available at any of Exception’s shops,though Exception’s physical stores do have seen a rising number of visitors.

小题1:The passage mainly discusses________.

A.the designer of the first lady Peng Liyuan’s dress,Ma Ke

B.the friendship between Peng Liyuan and her designer

C.Peng Liyuan’s clothes on her first state visit

D.the reactions to Peng Liyuan’s first visit to Moscow小题2:In the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 Ma Ke mentioned “an egg and the hen” to show________.

A.it is hard to explain “Which came first,the egg or the hen?”

B.paying such great attention to her was unnecessary

C.the outcome was more important than the process

D.her dissatisfaction with the media attention on her dress小题3:What can be inferred from the passage?

A.First ladies compete with each other whenever they are together.

B.Peng’s suits can be bought in Ma Ke’s clothes stores.

C.Ma Ke offered to design the first lady’s clothes through her friends.

D.Peng had liked Ma’s designs long before she got to know her in the flesh.小题4:In the passage,Peng Liyuan________.

A.often reflects on what she has in her heart before choosing clothes

B.is sympathetic and has a strong environmental consciousness

C.always desires the exceptional charm of the brand

D.is knowledgeable in philosophy小题5:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Peng wears the dress designed by a Chinese designer probably to support Chinese brands

B.Many citizens found Peng Liyuan’s choice quite unexpected.

C.Black leather handbags like Peng’s are widely sold in bag stores in big cities.

D.After Peng Liyuan’s visit to Moscow Ma Ke’s clothes became more popular.

单项选择题