问题 问答题 简答题

简述中世纪音乐(Medieval Music)音乐风格概述。

答案

参考答案:

1、中世纪音乐的旋律:平缓,以级进为主,具有吟诵性,与语言的抑扬顿挫有密切的关系。

2、中世纪音乐的节奏:无固定的节拍,自由的节奏,依据经文的抑扬顿挫,后期出现了有规律的节奏。

3、中世纪音乐的织体:

单声部织体的音乐继续发展,到九世纪出现了最早的复调音乐——奥尔加农。西方音乐跨出了从单声部音乐向多声部音乐迈进的第一步。此后中世纪音乐向两个方向发展,一是为圣咏添加声部,并用一定的节奏模式组织音乐进行,二是为花唱式的圣咏的拖腔填上歌词。

主要是八个教会调式,多利亚,复多利亚,弗利几呀,副弗利几呀,利底亚,副利底亚,混合利底亚,副混合利底亚。

4、中世纪的主要音乐体裁:

主要以宗教音乐为主包括继叙咏,经文歌,弥撒曲,奥尔加农,康都克特,第斯康特,附加段。世俗音乐中出现了单声部的分节歌。

阅读理解

Today is National Bike-to-Work Day. And on New York City’s jammed streets, people are cycling on hundreds of miles of new bike lanes. But New York’s widespread efforts to make streets safer for bikes have also left some locals complaining about the loss of parking spots and lanes for cars.

When the weather is good, Aaron Naparstek likes to pedal(用踏板踩)his two young kids to school on a special Dutch-made bicycle. Naparstek supports the new lane.

Aaron: The bike lane on Prospect Park West is really introducing a lot of new people to the idea that it’s possible to use a bike in New York City for transportation or to travel around. This is what 21st century New York City looks like.

Prospect Park West is still a one-way road, but where it used to have three lanes of car traffic, now it has two, plus a protected bike lane. Supporters say that makes the road safer for everyone, including pedestrians, by slowing down cars and taking bikes off the sidewalk. But some longtime residents disagree. Lois Carswell is president of a group called Seniors for Safety. She says the two-way bike lane is dangerous to older residents who are used to one-way traffic.

Lois: We wanted a lane — the right kind of lane that would keep everybody safe, that would keep the bikers safe. But we want it to be done the right way. And it has not been done the right way.

Craig Palmer builds bars and restaurants in Manhattan. I was interviewing him for a different story when he brought up the bike lanes all on his own.

Craig: I think the biggest problem is that Bloomberg put all these bike lanes in. You took what used to be a full street and you’re shrinking it.

Then there are the Hasidic Jews in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, who forced the city to remove a bike lane through their neighborhood. But polls show that the majority of New Yorkers support bike lanes by a margin of 56% to 39%. Bicycle advocate Caroline Samponaro of Transportation Alternatives calls that a mandate.

Caroline: If this was an election, we would have already had our victory. The public has spoken and they keep speaking. And I think, more importantly, the public is starting to vote with their pedals.

小题1:What does Aaron mean by saying “This is what 21st century New York City looks like.”? 

A.There are hundreds of miles of new bike lanes in 21 st century New York City.

B.Drivers slow down their cars and bikes are taken off the sidewalk in New York.

C.Bikes are used as a means of transport in 21 st century New York City.

D.It’s possible to make the streets safe for pedestrians in New York.小题2:According to the passage, which of the following CANNOT support the opponents of these new bike lanes?   

A.Drivers lose parking spots and lanes for cars.

B.The two-way bike lane is dangerous to older residents.

C.We took what used to be a full street so the road is broader than before.

D.The removal of one bike lane through a neighbourhood in Brooklyn was not supported by the majority of New Yorkers.小题3:“A mandate” in Paragraph 8 was referred to a demand or command from ______.

A.the authority

B.the public

C.the supporters

D.the government小题4:What of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A.Ride on National Bike-to-Work Day

B.A New Bike Lane Appears in New York

C.A Bike Lane Divides New Yorkers

D.Who Wins an Election

单项选择题