问题 问答题 论述题

试分析运输市场的非固定性。

答案

参考答案:

①运输市场没有有形产品,也不像其他工农业产品市场那样有固定的场所和区域来出售商品。

工农业产品市场可以在固定场所一手交钱一手交货,即时完成商品交换过程,而运输市场很难使运输交换过程在固定的场所完全实现。

②运输活动在开始提供时只是一种“承诺”,即以客票、货票或运输合同等作为契约保证,随着运输生产过程的进行,通过一定时间和空间的延伸,在运输生产过程结束时,才将客、货位移的实现所带来的运输劳务全部提供给运输需求者。

③整个市场交换行为,并不局限一时一地,具有较强的广泛性、连续性和区域性。如公路运输市场是由站点和线路在很大的范围内组成的,其生产和交换实质上是在线路上流动完成的。虽然公路客货运输过程中有起讫站点,并且在站点装卸货物和上下旅客,但这只是全部交换活动的一部分,而离开了线路,就不能实现运输劳务交换,所以公路运输市场具有显著的非固定性。

填空题

Happy 75th Birthday, Social Security


1. On its 75th anniversary Social Security is once again under attack and so are its defenders. Those who would axe benefits are spreading myths designed to make you think there is a looming crisis. Well, it is just not true. The stark reality is that it will be several decades before the program encounters any financial problems. The program’s trust fund will have a $4.3 trillion surplus by 2023, and can pay all its obligations for decades to come. And strengthening Social Security is easy—making the very rich pay their fair share by lifting the cap on contributions by the wealthy would allow the program to pay all its obligations indefinitely.
2. Social Security was a centerpiece of FDR(Franklin Delano Roosevelt)’s New Deal reforms that helped this country recover from the Great Depression. These programs provided Americans a measure of dignity and hope and lasting security against the vicissitudes of the market and life. FDR therefore accomplished what the venerable New Deal historian David Kennedy says is the challenge now facing President Obama—a rescue from the current economic crisis which will also make us "more resilient to face those future crises that inevitably await us."
3. This anniversary is also a reminder of how major social reforms in this country have come about—in fits and starts. As former Clinton adviser Paul Begala observed in a Washington Post op-ed, "No self-respecting liberal today would support Franklin Roosevelt’s original Social Security Act... If that version of Social Security were introduced today, progressives like me would call it cramped, parsimonious, mean-spirited and even racist. Perhaps it was all those things. But it was also a start. And for 74 years we have built on that start."
4. Indeed when Social Security was first passed it left out African Americans and migrant workers. It was an imperfect piece of legislation but one that progressives built on to create the program we know today—a program like Medicare—that people feel an emotional connection to and will fight to protect. A new campaign from MoveOn and Campaign for America’s Future will tap into that energy, enlisting candidates to pledge their support to Social Security this election season—opposing any cuts in benefits, including raising the retirement age. And these candidates would be wise to pay attention: A just-released poll shows that 65% of voters reject raising the retirement age to 70. And a separate AARP (American Association of Retired Persons) poll shows the vast majority oppose cutting Social Security to reduce the deficit, and 50% of non-retired adults are willing to pay more now in payroll taxes to ensure Social Security will be there when they retire.
5. Progressives can also mark this anniversary by not only rededicating themselves to defending Social Security, but also going on the offensive to expand and improve our social security system to provide economic security for everyone.

The Social Security program would gain the support from ______.

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