问题 材料题

美苏争霸及其战争威胁引起了各国人民的反对。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 “我不知道第三次世界大战用什么先进武器来打,但是我知道第四次世界大战只会用什么,石头和棍棒。”

——爱因斯坦

材料二 美苏两国的争霸完全出于各自的利益,忽视了全人类的发展,经过了几十年的战争(冷战)也毫无结果,双方僵持不下。与此同时,世界上寻求和平的呼声不断增长。随着美国的侵略战争的扩大,(20世纪)60年代的美国形成了“新左派”,他们大多由年轻人组成,对政治、社会问题表现出了极大的关注与热情,他们反对战争,要求民权,在他们的影响下,美国的妇女也兴起了女权运动,她们积极地参加反战运动。

(1)爱因斯坦是在怎样的背景下说出材料一中的那句话的?他说第四次世界大战人们将只会用“石头和棍棒”来打的含义是什么?

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(2)从材料二看,美国国内反战运动有何特点?

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(3)综合材料一、二并结合所学知识,指出世界各国人民反战斗争的重要意义。

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答案

(1)背景:二战后美苏两极对立和争霸斗争,使冷战乌云覆盖整个世界,核战争随时可能爆发。含义:再次进行世界大战将使人类文明毁灭,人类历史发生巨大倒退。

(2)年轻人和妇女成为反战重要力量;反战与关注国内政治、社会问题尤其是民权与女权等问题紧密结合。

(3)给美国、苏联的霸权主义以沉重打击,使美苏两国到了七八十年代不得不放弃战争,开始由紧张对抗到谋求缓和与对话;有效地遏制了大规模侵略战争的爆发,为世界和平作出了贡献。

阅读理解

There was a lovely vegetable patch (菜园). A large tree grew there. Both the patch and the tree gave the place a wonderful look, and they were the pride of the gardener. But no one knew that the vegetables and the tree couldn’t stand (忍受) each other. The vegetables hated the tree’s shadow (阴影), because it left them only just enough light to live. The tree, on the other hand, hated the vegetables because they drank nearly all the water, leaving him just enough to live.

The situation became so serious that the vegetables decided to use up all the water in the ground so that the tree would die. The tree answered back by not protecting the vegetables from the hot sun, so they began to dry up. Soon the vegetables were really weak, and the tree was drying up.

The gardener wondered why and stopped watering them. When he did that, both the tree and the vegetables realized that it was better to help each other. They learned how to live in harmony with those around them. So they decided to work together, using both the shade and the water to grow well. After seeing how well they were doing, the gardener gave the best care to his vegetable patch, watering and fertilizing (施肥) it better than any other patch for miles around.

小题1:Why didn’t the vegetables and the tree get on well with each other?

A.Because the vegetables wanted more light.

B.Because the tree drank almost all the water.

C.Because the vegetables weren’t the pride of the gardener.

D.Because the vegetables didn’t look as wonderful as the tree.小题2:From the passage we know                   .

A.the vegetables were sorry to see the tree drying up

B.the gardener was very angry with the vegetables and the tree

C.the gardener didn’t know what was happening in the patch at first

D.the tree didn’t know how important the sun was to the vegetables小题3:The underlined phrase “in harmony” means “                 ” in Chinese.

A.长久地

B.小心地

C.有效地

D.和谐地小题4:Of the following, which order is right according to the story?

① The gardener worked on the patch even harder than before.

② The gardener stopped watering the vegetables and the tree.

③ The vegetables decided to use up all the water in the ground.

④ The tree and the vegetables realized the importance of helping each other.

A.③②④①

B.④②③①

C.②①④③

D.①③④②小题5:The passage is mainly about                   .

A.why the sunlight and water were very important

B.how the gardener took care of his vegetable patch

C.why the gardener was proud of his vegetable patch

D.what happened between the vegetables and the tree

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