问题 名词解释

骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)

答案

参考答案:

是一组获得性的、造血功能严重紊乱的造血干细胞克隆性疾病,以髓系中一系或多系血细胞减少或发育异常、无效造血为特征,转化为急性髓系白血病的风险增大。

阅读理解

“Life is speeding up. Everyone is getting unwell.”

This may sound like something someone would say today. But in fact, an unknown person who lived in Rome in AD(公元) 53 wrote it.

We all love new inventions. They are exciting, amazing and can even change our lives. But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives?

Picture this. You’re rushing to finish your homework on the computer. Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, the noise from the television is getting louder and louder. Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work. Now you have to stay up all night to get it done. How happy do you feel?

Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they often leave up feeling stressed and tired. Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity(电) often seem to be happier? Perhaps because they live simpler lives.

One family in the UK went “back in time” to see what life was like without all the inventions we have today. The grandparents, with their daughter, and grandsons Benjamin, 10 and Thomas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s house. They had no washing machine, microwave(微波炉), computer or mobile phones.

The grandmother, Lyn, said, “The more things you have, the more difficult life becomes.” The boys said they fought less. Probably, they said, because there was less to fight over, such as their computer. Benjamin also noticed that his grandmother had changed from being a “trendy(赶时髦的), beer-drinking granny”, to one who cooked things.

小题1:The writer uses the quote(引号) at the beginning of the story to ________.

A.tell us a truth about our lives

B.tell us what life was like long time ago

C.point out what causes such a thing to happen

D.point out some problems we will meet in the life小题2:In the passage the writer describes a picture to show that new inventions _______.

A.have speeded up our lives

B.have improved the quality of our lives

C.may make people feel very happy

D.may bring people some trouble小题3:The family chose to spend some time in a 1940s house because _______.

A.they loved to live simple lives

B.they wanted to know how people lived without modern inventions

C.they were troubled by modern inventions

D.living in a different time would be a lot of fun for them小题4:According to the passage, which id NOT right?

A.People who live far away from noisy cities often seem to be happier.

B.An unknown Roman was sure that the quality of life would get better.

C.The family had some changes when they lived in a 1940s house.

D.With the improvement of our lives, we often feel stressed and tired.小题5:The passage is mainly about ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­________.

A.problems with technology

B.improvements of our lives with technology

C.changes happening to technology

D.the importance of technology

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成文后各题。

当前世界影视文化在经济全球化趋势的影响下,已经完全进入商业化运作轨道。在商业化的影响下,影视产品越来越呈现出新的类型化。

观众审美情趣的多样性决定了影视制作的多样化。这既是大众审美文化丰富性的要求,也是影视作为一种艺术审美形态的要求。艺术的审美价值首先在于鲜明生动的个性化。电影电视艺术作为一种审美形态,只有具备鲜明独特的个性特征,才能获得真正的美学价值。歌德指出,“显出特征的艺术才是唯一真实的艺术。只要它是从内在的、专注的、注重个性的、独立的感情出发,来对周围事物起作用,对不相干的东西毫不关心,甚至意识不到,那么,不管它是出于粗犷的野蛮人之手也好,还是出于有修养的敏感的人之手也好,都是完整的,有生命的”。然而,影视作为大众文化传播的主要方式,其审美情趣多元化发展又在一定程度上受制于收视率、票房率等影视市场机制的影响。影视的产业化发展势头要求把收视率、票房率作为影视生产的重要导向。影视的市场实践证明,只有满足数量最大的一类观众群的需求,才能获得最大的收视率和经济效益。而类型化的电影作品可以有效地避免创新所致的商业风险,避开文化市场竞争中的不利因素。

哥伦比亚广播公司节目部主任米契尔•丹曾指出,如果依照收视率方面的竞争情况来判定一个节目的成功与否,那么3/4以上的新节目注定要失败。这表明,审美品味的创新意味着要承担很大的风险,所以电影电视节目都倾向于模仿过去的成功作品,以保证收视率和经济效益。在收视率竞争日益激烈的社会氛围中,电视审美品味不迎合最大数量的观众的需求是不现实的。为此,好莱坞生产的电影几乎完全按照若干成功作品模式进行类型化制作,并扩展成一种全球性的影视生产模式。

在这种世界模式的影响下,中国影视圈也呈现出严重的类型化倾向。“戏说热”、“纪实热”、“宫廷戏热”、“武打热”等类型化现象层出不穷。近几年来,中国影视业发展迅猛,出现了一批具有较高审美品味的作品,如《牵手》、《围城》等,但是从总的方面看,审美品味高、艺术创新大的精品电视剧太少,而类型化、雷同化的电视剧居多,审美情调单一化现象严重。与此同时,青少年题材、工业题材、部队题材等反映边缘领域的电视作品则明显偏少。这表明,我国影视审美类型化问题也日益严重,亟待改善。

(节选自《文化审美品位》)

小题1:下列有关影视作品“类型化”的理解,错误的一项是         

A.当前世界影视文化在商业化的影响下,越来越呈现出新的类型化。

B.所谓类型化,就是电影电视节目模仿过去的成功作品,以保证收视率和经济效益。

C.影视作品只要获得最大的收视率和经济效益,就说明它满足了数量最大的一类观

众群的需求,就属于类型化作品。

D.影视作品类型化就是在审美品味方面迎合最大数量的观众的需求。小题2:下列有关影视作品类型化成因的分析,错误的一项是                  

A.影视审美情趣多元化发展又在一定程度上受制于收视率、票房率等影视市场机制

的影响。

B.类型化的影视作品可以有效地避免创新所致的商业风险,避开文化市场竞争中的

不利因素。

C.在收视率竞争日益激烈的社会氛围中,影视作品审美品味不迎合最大数量的观众

的需求是不现实的。

D.影视作品类型化既是大众审美文化丰富性的要求,也是影视作为一种艺术审美形态的要求。

小题3:以下推断正确的一项是                                         

A.美国好莱坞成功经验证明,影视作品类型化是一种必然,也是一种发展趋势。

B.中国影视业应多关注审美品味高、艺术创新大的精品,影视制作应多样化,这才

是中国影视发展的正确道路。

C.类型化的影视作品往往能获得理想的收视率和经济效益,这说明观众审美情趣不

高。

D.观众审美情趣的多样性决定了影视制作的多样化。这说明类型化的影视作品没有存在的合理性。