问题 问答题 简答题

试述历史学求真与致用的冲突及其解决办法?

答案

参考答案:

求真有三种类型,即朴素求真观(古代,事实之真与价值之真交融,求真与致用统一),科学求真观(近代,求真观为科学观所支配,求真与致用对立),相对求真观(承认主客观两方面因素在史学中并存的事实,求真不忘致用)。

致用有三种类型,即贵族本位的致用(资治和训诫),国族本位的致用(民族主义倾向,主要在民族危机严重时盛行),社会本位的致用(弱化了的、间接的致用,主要是发挥历史学的知识文化功能,增进人类的福祉)。

求真与致用的冲突包括:①历史学中求真与致用的不一致;②求真排斥致用;③致用压倒求真;④不论真假,都有效用;⑤历史之用的虚拟性。

求真与致用的调和方法是:划分基础历史学与应用历史学。

单项选择题

(四)

Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little hope of raising the money needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money, for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public’ inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future interests. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of single persons and institutions, both at home and abroad.

When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other Saver who is seeking to invest his money.

Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the government or by local organizations. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones and railways, this country could not work. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than’ it is raised through taxes alone. The government, local organizations and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance: major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange.

There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another his new money must come from the savings of the country; The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings, can reach those who need finance.

The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is().

A.exchanged for part ownership in the Stock Exchange

B.raised by the selling of shares in the companies

C.repaid to its original owners as soon as possible

D.invested in different companies in the Stock Exchange

单项选择题