问题 问答题 论述题

试述核孔复合体的结构及其功能。

答案

参考答案:

核孔复合体主要有下列结构组分:

①、胞质环位于核孔边缘的胞质面一侧,又称外环,环上有8条短纤维对称分布伸向胞质;

②、核质环位于核孔边缘的核质面(又称内环),环上8条纤维伸向核内,并且在纤维末端形成一个小环,使核质环形成类似“捕鱼笼”(fish-trap)的核篮(nuclearbasket)结构;

③、辐由核孔边缘伸向核孔中央,呈辐射状八重对称,该结构连接内、外环并在发挥支撑及形成核质间物质交换通道等方面起作用;它的结构比较复杂,可进一步分为三个结构域:⑴柱状亚单位:主要的区域,位于核孔边缘,连接内、外环,起支撑作用;⑵腔内亚单位:柱状亚单位以外,接触核膜部分的区域,穿过核膜伸入双层核膜的膜间腔;⑶环带亚单位:在柱状亚单位之内,靠近核孔复合体中心的部分,由8个颗粒状结构环绕形成核孔复合体核质交换的通道。

④、中央栓位于核孔的中心,呈颗粒状或棒状,又称为中央颗粒,由于推测它在核质交换中起一定的作用,所以又把它称做转运器(transporter)核孔复合体是一种特殊的跨膜运输蛋白复合体,并且是一个双功能、双向性的亲水性核质交换通道,双功能表现在它有两种运输方式:被动扩散与主动运输;双向性表现在既介导蛋白质的入核转运,又介导RNA、核糖核蛋白颗粒(RNP)的出核转运。

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      Mr. Ross finished speaking on the phone, and then looked carefully at my mother and me. For a few
seconds he didn't speak, and just watched us. Then he said, "I'm pleased to meet you, Mrs. Sanders. I need
some help with my work. My secretary is in hospital, and there's a lot of work to do. Sometimes you'll have
to work late at night, because of time difference in New York and Tokyo. Is that right?
     "Yes, that's all right," said my mother.
     "Can you use a computer?"
     "Yes."
     "Good." He looked at me. "Is that your daughter?"
     "Yes, this is Carol," said my mother. 
     "Hello." I said.
     "Greta says you like gardening. There's a big garden here, so you can help Mr. Duncan. And there's a
farm. Dan and Stella Parks live in the farmhouse and work on the farm. You can help them, too. We have
some animals, some sheep, a few cows and chickens. And there's a horse called Smoke. He's gray, like his
name. Can you ride?"
     "Yes," I said, "I can ride a horse."
     "You can ride Smoke around the island, if you like."
     "I'd like that," I said, "Thank you."
     "And we grow vegetables and fruit." he said, "I work on the farm sometimes. I enjoy it." 
     I smiled at him but he didn't smile back.
     "Carol will enjoy working on the farm," said my mother, "Won't you, Carol?"
     "Yes." I said.
     "Mr. Ross looks sad," I thought, "But how did he get all his money? And why does he hide away on a
British island?"
1. Mr. Ross got a lot of work to do because ______.
[ ]
A. there was a farm on the island
B. his secretary was in hospital
C. there was a big garden behind his house
D. he had some animals on the farm
2. Mrs. Sanders ______ working late at night.
[ ]
A. didn't mind
B. liked
C. was afraid of
D. was interested in
3. Greta told Mr. Ross that Carol enjoyed ______.
[ ]
A. riding
B. playing games
C. gardening
D. looking after animals
4. Perhaps Mr. Duncan's job was in charge of the ______.
[ ]
A. island
B. farm
C. garden
D. house
5. Mr. Ross worked on the farm ______.
[ ]
A. every day
B. once a week
C. twice a month
D. from time to time
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