问题 问答题 简答题

举例说明单子叶作物与双子叶作物根、茎、叶的区别。

答案

参考答案:

根:单子叶作物如禾谷类作物的根系属于须根系,由种子根(或胚根)和茎节上发生的次生根组成。双子叶作物如豆类、棉花的根系属于直根系,它由1条发达的主根和各级侧根构成。

茎:单子叶作物的茎多数为圆形,大多中空,如稻、麦等。但有些单子叶作物的茎为髓所充满而成实心,茎秆由许多节和节间组成,如玉米、高粱等。双子叶作物的茎一般接近圆心,实心,由节和节间组成。单子叶作物的茎主要靠每个节间基部的居间分生组织的细胞进行分裂和伸长,使每个节间伸长而逐渐长高,其节间伸长的方式为居间生长,双子叶作物的茎,主要靠茎尖顶端分生组织的细胞分裂和伸长,使节数增加,节间伸长植株逐渐长高,其节间伸长的方式为顶端生长。

叶:单子叶作物的叶(真叶)为单叶,一般包括叶片、叶鞘、叶耳和叶舌4部分;双子叶作物有两片子叶,其真叶多数由叶片、叶柄和托叶组成。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information

from the passage.

   Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

     The atmosphere is a gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth. It is a collection of gases, vapor and particulates surrounding the Earth.

     The atmosphere is very important to life on this planet because, firstly, it acts as a system for cycling and recycling carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen; living things transform these elements into sources of carbohydrates and proteins for nourishment(营养). Secondly, it protects us from invisible threats such as the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Thirdly, it protects the Earth's surface from rapid heating during the day and rapid cooling down at night. Lastly, it provides us with the air we breathe as it is our basic life support system; every breath we take requires oxygen in the air.

     However, human activities are causing the emission of harmful gases into the atmosphere. This has resulted in many environmental and health problems. Urban air pollution, acid rain, contamination by toxic chemicals, the lessening of the stratospheric ozone layer and changes in the global climatic system are all important environmental threats to the atmosphere.

     Air pollution

     Our planet is becoming choked with poisonous gases mostly from our daily activities like driving cars, warming out house and running power stations. And pollution doesn't need a passport to travel around the world.

     Ozone depletion

For years, chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)were used as a cooling device in freezers and air conditioners. CFCs destroy the ozone layer, the layer that filters(过滤)ultraviolet radiation from the sun which causes eye damage and skin cancer.

     The greenhouse effect

     As more greenhouse gases released in the atmosphere reflect more heat back to the Earth, it causes a rise in temperature, beyond that which is considered to be normal. Rising temperature will cause the climate change, which may lead to more natural disasters, extinction(灭绝)of some animals and plants. Additionally, while passing through surface, some is lost in space. Greenhouse gases reflect back some solar energy and make the atmosphere hotter.

     Humans are damaging the atmosphere, which serves to be our coat. One day it deserves their right. And the world is warming up, the polar icecaps to melt, sea levels to rise and extreme weather conditions to occur more frequently.

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