问题 问答题 简答题

测定挥发分有何意义?

答案

参考答案:

煤的挥发分产率与煤的变质程度有比较密切的关系,即随着变质程度的加深,挥发份逐渐降低,因此根据煤的挥发分产率可以估计煤的类别。对动力用煤来说,煤中挥发分的高低对煤的着火和燃烧有很大影响,挥发分高的煤易着火,火焰大,燃烧稳定,但有的火焰温度较低相反,挥发分低的煤,不易点燃,且燃烧不稳定,增加化学和机械不完全燃烧热损失,严重时甚至还能引起熄火。锅炉形状及大小,燃烧器形式及一,二次风的选择,燃烧带的敷设,点火,助燃油系统,制粉系统的选型和防爆措施的设计等都与挥发分有关,所以测定煤的挥发分具有相当大的意义。

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单项选择题

In 1957 a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like cases. Influenza is sometimes called “flu” or a “bad cold”. He took samples from the throats of patients in his hospital and was able to find the virus of this influenza.

There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are types A and B, each of them having several sub-groups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus group A, but he did not know the sub-group. He reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. W. H.O. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 15%—20% of the population had become ill.

As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, they began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself at very high speed, the virus had multiplied more than a million times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs used against all the known sub-groups of virus type A. None of them gave any protection. This then, was something new: a new influenza virus against which the people of the world had no ready help whatsoever. Having isolated the virus they were working with, the two doctors now dropped it into the noses of some specially selected animals, which contact influenza in the same way as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These experiments revealed that the new virus spread easily, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like the general public, called it simply “Asian” flu.

The first discovery of the virus, however, was made in China before the disease had appeared in other countries. Various reports showed that the influenza outbreak started in China, probably in February of 1957. By the middle of March it had spread all over China. The virus was found by Chinese doctors early in March. But China was not a member of the World Health Organization and therefore did not report outbreaks of disease to it. Not until two months later, when travelers carried the virus into Hong Kong, from where it spread to Singapore, did the news of the outbreak reach the rest of the world. By this time it was started on its way around the world.

Thereafter, WHO’s Weekly Reports described the steady spread of this virus outbreak, which within four months swept through every continent.

What can be inferred from the passage()

A. The influenza could not be cured by any known medicine

B. The people who got the disease were doomed to death

C. The “Asian” flu first broke out in Singapore

D. China did not take the influenza seriously