问题 名词解释

马基雅维利

答案

参考答案:

马基雅维里是意大利文艺复兴时期的政治家和历史学家,是中世纪晚期意大利新兴资产阶级的代表,主张结束意大利在政治上的分裂状态,建立强大的中央集权国家。他抛弃了中世纪经院哲学和教条式的推理方法,不再从《圣经》和上帝出发,而是从人性出发,以历史事实和个人经验为依据来研究社会政治问题。他把政治学当作一门实践学科,将政治和伦理区分开,把国家看作纯粹的权力组织。他的国家学说以性恶论为基础,认为人是自私的,追求权力、名誉、财富是人的本性,因此人与人之间经常发生激烈斗争,为防止人类无休止的争斗,国家应运而生,颁布刑律,约束邪恶,建立秩序。国家是人性邪恶的产物。他赞美共和政体,认为共和政体有助于促进社会福利,发展个人才能,培养公民美德。但他认为,当时处于人性堕落、国家分裂、社会动乱状况的意大利,实现国家统一社会安宁的唯一出路只能是建立强有力的君主专制制度。这些他所主张的政治权术思想被后人称为马基雅维利主义。他的代表作有《君主论》、《佛罗伦萨史》

完形填空
My name is Ann. I am 16 years old. I never try to lose weight (减肥) but I am slim and beautiful.      ? Because I keep a       diet.
     breakfast, I always have some bread and an egg and I drink a glass of milk. It helps me start the day. I usually have breakfast at half past seven.
We have four lessons in the morning. At ten o’clock when I am not studying, I sometimes eat one or two pieces of sugar because I need lots of      .
Lunch usually begins at half past twelve. I often eat       beef, rice and vegetables for lunch. My mum says that lunch is very important so I       miss (错过) lunch at school. One hour after lunch, I eat some   42  . I usually eat one apple or two bananas. I like bananas best.
I drink three or four glasses of       in the afternoon because there is no calories in the water.
For dinner, I often have soup and vegetables. Tomatoes are my favourite. I usually have supper at half past seven. After dinner, I don’t eat or drink       I go to bed.
I never play basketball or volleyball. But I       a lot. I almost go everywhere on foot. That’s why I am so slim.
小题1:
A.WhyB.WhatC.WhereD.When
小题2:
A.deliciousB.smallC.bigD.healthy
小题3:
A.ForB.InC.OnD.To
小题4:
A.moneyB.waterC.foodD.energy
小题5:
A.anyB.someC.littleD.many
小题6:
A.usuallyB.oftenC.sometimesD.never
小题7:
A.breadB.meatC.vegetableD.fruit
小题8:
A.riceB.waterC.CokeD.milk
小题9:
A.whenB.afterC.beforeD.if
小题10:
A.playB.walkC.rideD.drive
单项选择题