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银行业自律组织是银行业金融机构自愿结成的银行业行业自律组织，是经所在地登记注册的营利性社会团体。74、

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参考答案：对

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Small, Imperfectly Formed


One has to look a long time for an American politician of any political stripe who has failed to laud small businesses. Still, many have little clue as to what makes such businesses succeed or fail.
Federal agencies aimed at helping small business, such as the Small Business Administration and the Minority Business Development Agency, have been around for half a century, yet persistent differences remain between the performance of businesses founded by white, male entrepreneurs and the rest. Blacks are less likely to be self-employed, for example, and when they are their businesses, on average, have lower sales and profits than do their white-or Asian-owned counterparts. If researchers could explain the causes of these differences, policy-makers could (at least in theory) supply small businesses with more useful help.
Two researchers for the Census Bureau’s Centre for Economic Studies, Ron Jarmin and C.J. Krizan, recently published a working paper attempting to understand demographic differences behind small businesses’ success and failure. They concentrated on the years 2002 to 2005, with three databases at their disposal: the Survey of Business Owners, conducted every five years; the Longitudinal Foreign Trade Transaction Database, which includes every US export transaction between 1992 and 2005; and a database co-developed by Mr. Jarmin, which allowed the authors to track whether the owners of the firms in their sample had prior experience being their own bosses. By drawing from on the power of the Census’s data collection efforts, the authors hoped to create a more nuanced picture of business survival.
Some of their findings were not terribly surprising. A firm’s chances of survival, regardless of the race or sex of its owner, decreased in poorer areas; and the better the education of the founder, the more likely it was to succeed. Businesses owned by Asians, Hispanics, or Pacific Islanders were more likely to be exporters. Older entrepreneurs were more likely to use personal savings to start their businesses; younger owners were more likely to have to close up shop during the study period than were their middle-aged rivals.
However, the data also confirmed that black-and female-owned businesses tended to perform worse than the average. They were also less likely to have been funded by bank loans. Still, the businesses that survived, regardless of the owner’s race, tended to add employees at similar rates. Furthermore, after controlling for factors such as the education and race of the owner, there was no statistically significant difference in firms’ abilities to expand into different locations. Finally, black entrepreneurs were more likely to have a history of self-employment than their white counterparts. Messrs Jarmin and Krizan’s paper is not the first to suggest that black entrepreneurs, less likely to have other business owners in their family or personal networks, tend to "start small" when they venture out on their own.
Most researchers get to end their papers by speculating, usually without much fear of consequence, as to the policy implications of their work. The authors of this paper, not wishing to imply that the Census Bureau might have policy opinions, declined to do so. But the reader can make some guesses. One is that mentorship programmes may be particularly useful for promoting entrepreneurship among blacks. Another is that reaching out to businesses based on the owner’s race might be less useful than supporting businesses in poorer areas. And small businesses of all stripes would be helped by improving that other institution lauded by politicians: America’s education system.

Which of the following statements is true
A. Most small businesses are operated by white people.
B. Federal agencies have failed in giving small businesses much help.
C. Small businesses run by white male people are generally more profitable.
D. More federal agencies aimed at helping small businesses will be established.
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问答题

某房地产开发公司拟开发六层普通居民住宅，建筑面积6000m2，设计方案为砖混结构，拟每平方米售价为1400元，预计每平方米建筑面积的变动成本为700元，固定成本为80万元，销售税率为6%。
问题：
1．该项目的预期利润为多少
2．开发公司销售多少平方米建筑面积可实现盈亏平衡
3．开发公司销售多少平方米建筑面积可实现利润100万元
4．若本题的其他条件不变，欲实现开始利润400万元时平方米造价为多少元
5．假设所得税税率为33％，该公司销售多少平方米时可实现利润150万元
6．若本题的其他条件不变，该公司欲实现利润380元，则每平方米建筑面积的变动成本应控制在多少元
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