硫喷妥钠静脉麻醉时较常见的并发症是（）。
A.低血压
B.心律失常
C.喉痉挛
D.尿潴留
E.惊厥
参考答案：C
解析：硫喷妥钠为超短时作用的巴比妥类药物。静注后很快产生麻醉，故称静脉麻醉药。其主要优点是作用快、诱导期短、无兴奋现象、呼吸道并发症少，一次静注后可维持麻醉20～30分钟，麻醉后恶心、呕吐少见。但麻醉时间短，痛觉消失和肌肉松弛也不够完全。适用于短小手术、诱导麻醉与抗惊厥。硫喷妥钠容易引起呼吸抑制及喉痉挛，故注射宜缓慢。如出现呼吸微弱，乃至呼吸停止，应即停止注射。使用时必须备以气管插管、人工呼吸机及氧气。故答案应选C。
| Most sore throats are caused by an infection which treatment with antibiotics cannot cure. But with simple remedies the patient normally gets better in 4 or 5 days. Sore throats are common. Most of the time the soreness is worse in the morning and improves as the day progresses. Like colds, the vast majority of sore throats are caused by viral infections. This means most sore throats will NOT respond to antibiotics. Many people have a mild sore throat at the beginning of every cold. When the nose or sinuses become infected, drainage can run down the back of the throat and irritate it, especially at night. Or, the throat itself can be infected. With a sore throat, sometimes the tonsils or surrounding parts of the throat are inflamed. Either way, removing the tonsils to try to prevent future sore throats is not recommended for most children. Tonsillitis, however, usually starts with a sore throat which causes pain on swallowing. With children — and some adults — there may be a fever and the patient is obviously not feeling well. It may be possible to see white spots on the back of the throat. The neck may also swell, both of which are the normal response to infection. Sometimes a sore throat may occur with the common cold, and with influenza there may be dryness of the throat, pain on coughing and loss of voice. TREATMENT: Aspirin: To help relieve the pain on swallowing and (if there is one) the fever. Use aspirin tablets dissolved in water so that the patient can gargle before swallowing. Repeat the treatment every 4 hours. Drink: Encourage the patient to drink plenty. Food: Food should not be forced on a patient who does not want to eat. Steam: If there is pain in the throat on coughing, breathing in steam may help. CHILDREN: Young children, who may not be able to gargle, should be given aspirin dissolved in water every 4 hours in the right dose for their age. At one year: A single junior aspirin. At five years: Half an adult aspirin. At eight years: One whole adult aspirin. WHEN TO SEE THE DOCTOR. If the sore throat is still getting worse after 2 days. If the patient complains of earache. If the patient’s fever increases. If the patient or parent is very worried. |
As used in the passage, the word "gargle" means______.
A．(A) to wash one’s mouth and throat with a liquid in motion by breathing through it
B．(B) to eat something with a continuous and often audible action of one’s jaws
C．(C) to bite and work in the mouth with one’s teeth, especially to make it easier to swallow something
D．(D) to cause or allow something, especially food or drink, to pass down one’s sore throat