问题 问答题 简答题

机组启停时为什么要控制转子热应力?

答案

参考答案:

现代大型汽轮机在启停或负荷变化时,主要以监视转子的热应力来判断发电机组整个热应力水平,同时确定发电机组启停,这主要原因是在启停和变工况下,转子的热应力要大于汽缸的热应力。因为转于是高速旋转的,其换热系数远远大于汽缸的换热系数,同时现代大型汽轮机转子直径增大很多,转子表面和中心孔的厚度已超过了汽缸的内外壁的厚度,故转子表面和中心的温差要大于汽缸内外壁的温差。

另外,转子和汽缸分别承受着两种应力,一种是热应力,另一种是工作应力。汽缸的工作应力是蒸汽的压力,而转子的工作应力是转动时产生的离心力,我们都知道这种转子的离心力要远远大于蒸汽对汽缸的压力。所以,大型汽轮机都把转子的应力作为启动过程中状态变化的重要依据。

问答题

Alexander is the chief executive officer of –OAO- Trade. While driving back from a business meeting to his company’s head office, Alexander lost control of his company car. The car collided with a vegetable stall by the side of the road before hitting the shop front of a restaurant, causing considerable damage to the vegetable stall and the restaurant.The owner of the vegetable stall claimed that the accident destroyed all of his stock, valued at 50.000 roubles. Alexander quickly wrote, signed and dated a note acknowledging that the company would pay 50.000 roubles to the owner of the vegetable stall, which was countersigned by the owner of the vegetable stall. Alexander agreed with the owner of the restaurant that any claim should be submitted to –OAO- Trade in writing.Four days later, –OAO- Trade received a letter from the owner of the vegetable stall claiming that the damaged inventory was worth 75.000 roubles and that it would be claiming this sum from the company. The company also received a letter from the owner of the restaurant claiming 100.000 roubles for the damage to the front of the building, 50.000 roubles to replace furniture destroyed in the accident and 200.000 roubles for business that would be lost in the next three months while the restaurant was being repaired.Required:Discuss the extent to which –OAO- Trade and Alexander personally would be liable in respect of the claims made by the owner of the vegetable stall and the owner of the restaurant. (10 marks)

选择题