问题 填空题

2008年十一黄金周才过,车商就已经打开了降价的闸门。部分新车型甚至还没到店,经销商就已经宣布降价。和节前的降价不同,此次价格战几乎涉及了沪上所有主要车型,而且让利的幅度也比节前有所加大。例如别克全系列的价格在节前的基础上再有 “暗降”,08款君越2.4L豪华版的最低价格已经从节前的21.5万元降到了21万元,而该车的官方价格是24.98万元,也就是说,该车已经累计降价了约4万元。此外,一汽丰田威驰加大了优惠的幅度,全系车型的降价从节前的1万元,扩大到了1.5万元,新威驰1.3LMT的报价从9.5万元一路跌到了8万元。 

(1)从经济学上看,材料中商品价格不断下跌的根本原因是什么?

(2)根据上述原因,运用所学知识,说明企业怎样才能在激烈的市场竞争中求得生存和发展。

答案

(1)商品的价值量由生产商品的社会必要劳动时间决定,与社会必要劳动时间成正比,而与社会劳动生产率成反比。汽车、家电、手机、电脑等商品价格不断下跌的根本原因是由于社会劳动生产率提高而导致商品价值量的减少。

(2)商品生产厂家要想在激烈的市场竞争中求得生存和发展,就要不断提高劳动生产率,使生产商品的个别劳动时间低于社会必要劳动时间,生产适销对路的产品,这样才能够在竞争中取胜。

因此,任何企业都千方百计提高个别劳动生产率,降低个别劳动时间,以争取在竞争中取得有利地位。

价格下降的根本原因,当从商品价值量的决定因素即社会必要劳动时间角度分析;因为社会必要劳动时间决定商品价值量,个别企业要在激烈的竞争中获胜,就必须缩短个别劳动时间,以获得更大的竞争空间。

计算题
阅读理解

It was a winter morning, just a couple of weeks before Christmas 2005. While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work. On arrival, he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually does. After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone.

The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work, putting in 60-hour weeks to support his young family. And the bike was also used to get groceries(食品杂货), saving us from having to walk along long distances from where we live.

I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, then called my husband to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before.

People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity(人性) as a whole. And it has influenced us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others. No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can be everlasting.

小题1:Why was the bike so important to the couple?

A.They used it for work and daily life.

B.It was their only possession(财产).

C.It was a nice Kona 18 speed.

D.The man‘s job was bike racing.小题2:We can infer from the passage that __________.

A.the couple worked 60 hours a week

B.people were busy before Christmas

C.the stranger brought over the bike

D.life was hard for the young family小题3:How did people get to know the couple’s problem?

A.From a stranger.

B.From a newspaper.

C.From TV news

D.From radio broadcasts.小题4:What do the couple learn from their experience?

A.Strangers are usually of little help.

B.One should take care of their bike.

C.News reports make people famous.

D.An act of kindness can mean a lot.小题5:From this story, we can see humanity is __________.

A.selfish

B.commercial

C.kind

D.cold-hearted