问题 问答题 简答题

列车运行图由哪些基本要素组成?

答案

参考答案:

列车运行图是由许多基本要素组成的,主要的组成要素有六项:

(1)列车区间运转时分及起停车附加时分

区间运转时分是根据机车车辆类型、各种列车的规定重量、列车制动力、线路技术状态等因素。由机务部门采用牵引计算和试运转相结合的方法确定的。对在区间两端车站上需要停车的列车,则应另加停车和起动的附加时分,它是各种列车运行于两个相邻车站或线路所之间所需要的时间标准。

(2)列车停站时分

列车停站时分是为办理列车的技术作业及客、货运作业如更换机车、摘挂补机或车辆、机车上水、车辆技术检查、旅客乘降、行包装卸、零担货物装卸等,在车站上所需要的最小停站时间标准。它对列车旅行速度和铁路区段通过能力有重大影响,因此,必须最大限度地考虑平行作业,以求尽量缩短列车在站停留时间。

(3)车站间隔时分

列车间隔时分是车站或线路所为办理列车到达、出发或通过作业所需要的最小间隔时间。

(4)追踪列车间隔时分

追踪列车间隔时分是指在自动闭塞区段追踪运行的两列车之间的最小间隔时间。它主要取决于信号机之间的距离和列车运行速度。

(5)机车在机务本段或折返段所在站的停留时间

该时间是指机车牵引列车从到达车站时起,至下一次牵引列车由车站出发时止在站停留的最小时间。

(6)列车在技术站的技术作业时间

列车在技术站或客、货运站的技术作业时间主要包括:列车在到、发场办理的各种列车技术检修时间;在牵出线或驼峰调车作业的编组、解体、集结时间;旅客列车车底在始发站、终到站的技术检修(含配属段的库内检修作业)及在站的停留时间;货运站办理的整列或成组装卸作业时间及取送作业时间等。列车在技术站作业时间标准应根据车站技术作业过程时间标准及车辆部门提供的时间标准确定。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened (91) . As was discussed before, it was not (92) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pree-leetronie (93) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the (94) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution (95) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading (96) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures (97) the 20th-eentury world of the motor ear and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in (98) . It is important to do so.
It is generally recognized, (99) , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, (100) by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, (101) its impact on the media was not immediately (102) . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as (103) , with display becoming sharper and storage (104) increasing. They were thought of, like people, (105) generations, with the distance between generations much (106)
It was within the computer age that the term" information society" began to be widely used to describe the (107) within which we now live. The communications revolution has (108) both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been (109) views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed (110) "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

A.unless

B.since

C.lest

D.although