问题 问答题 简答题

汉代察举和征辟制度的特点是什么?

答案

参考答案:

首先,将国家职官的推荐权及部分录用权交给了各部门主官,特别是交给了地方州郡主官,说明两汉时各部门及地方还保留相当大的权力。中央集权的政府体制在其草创时期,尚未能建立起与这一体制相适应的职官录用机制。将职官录用之权交给地方掌握,当然有可能形成以地方主官为核心的利益集团,从而为中央集权的体制崩解埋下了严重的隐患。

其次,不论是征辟还是察举,考察标准都是面察和行为道德的考察,文字考试居于次要位置,这反映两汉的官员选任尚带有相当的随意性。对中央集权的大帝国而言,建立起由中央政府统一控制的规范化的职官选拔录用制度,并不是一件很容易的事情。

论述题
阅读理解

Parent fans, both dads and mums, are shaming British football with their bad behaviour. Hundreds of junior soccer matches had to be abandoned last season because parent fans were swearing or even fighting on the touchline. At schools and clubs across the UK, hundreds of more matches also had to be called off for the same reason.

Reports tell of abuse at referees(裁判), players and coaches and fight breaking out on the touchline.

Enough is enough    Peter Wright, a keen referee of junior soccer, finally hung up his boots last season. He decided to walk away for good. He said “Every week I have had to take abuse and I’ve had enough of it.”

“Parents’ behaviour is reducing many school teachers, referees, coaches and volunteers to despair.”

The kids are suffering    Jim Peter, a referee, said, “We are getting desperate and the kids are suffering.” He described the way spectators(观众)behave as abysmal and getting worse year by year. The big question is why so many parents shame their children in this way. Aggressive Behavior Contracts may have to be introduced to stop the violence and abuse. If not, the game will suffer.

Sign up to good conduct    Last season players and parents were made to sign a new good behavior contract. “If a parent breaks the contract, I take his or her child off the pitch and get him or her to explain why I have done so to the child,” said Marc Nash, Wallsend’s assistant leader.

“The next step is to ban both the parent and the child, but happily, so far this has not been necessary.”

小题1:A number of junior soccer matches were abandoned last season because       .

A.players abused spectators in the matches

B.parent fans swore and fought outside the pitch

C.school teachers persuaded the government to call them off

D.referees and coaches fought on the touchline小题2:Who’s an assistant leader in the passage?

A.Marc Nash.

B.Jim Peter.

C.Peter Wright.

D.Wallsend.小题3:The underlined word “abysmal” in the passage means       .

A.extremely bad

B.weak

C.disappointing

D.impolite