问题 材料题

阅读下列材料:

材料一  :

第十六条(一)联盟会员国如有不顾本约……所规定而从事战争者,则据此事实,应视为对于联盟所有其他会员国有战争行为。其他会员国应即与之断绝各种商业上或财政上之关系,禁止其人民与破坏盟约国人民之各种往来,并阻止其他任何……联盟会员国或非会员国之人民与该国人民之财政上、商业上或个人之往来。——《国际联盟盟约》

材料二:

第三十九条:安全理事会应断定任何和平之威胁、和平之破坏或侵略行为之是否存在,并应作成建议或抉择依第四十一条及第四十二条规定之办法,以维持或恢复国际和平及安全。

第四十一条:安全理事会得决定所应采用武力以外之办法,以实施其决议,并得促请联合国会员国执行此项办法。此项办法得包括经济关系、铁路、海运、航空、邮电、无线电及其他交通工具之局部或全部停止,以及外交关系之断绝。

第四十二条:安全理事会如认第四十一条所规定之办法为不足或已经证明为不足时,得采取必要之陆海空军行动,以维持或恢复国际和平及安全。此项行动得包括联合国会员国之陆海空军示威、封锁及其他军事举动。——《联合国 * * 》

请回答:

(1)在制裁侵略上,与《国际联盟盟约》相比,《联合国 * * 》有何新的变化和特点?请根据材料一、二进行分析。

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(2)国际联盟和联合国是20世纪两个规模最大的普遍性的国际组织。它们的出现反映了20世纪人类历史的发展有何特点?

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答案

(1)变化:在制裁权力上,前者不是由国际联盟机构集中行使,而是由每个会员国自行制裁;后者则是采取自上而下的方法,把制裁的权力集中到安理会,由它决定是否制裁和如何制裁。在制裁手段上,前者主要是经济制裁和人员往来制裁;后者则采取经济、外交和军事等一系列手段,特别是可以采取军事行动。特点:《联合国 * * 》对于制裁侵略具有更大的权威和更多、更有力的手段。

(2)出现了全球性的安全机制;世界日益成为一个整体;出现了世界性的大战;和平与发展成为时代主题;科学技术高速发展等。(第一点必答,其余答对其中一点即可)

阅读理解

Recently,university students around the world were asked to volunteer in a global experiment called Unplugged.It was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total media ban by unplugging all forms of media devices for 24 hours.

Unplugged is being run by Dr Roman Gerodimos,a lecturer in Communication and Journalism at Bournemouth University.During the experiment,Dr Gerodimos said there were already  signs of how much the exercise affected volunteers.He said:“They’re reporting withdrawal symptoms,overeating,feeling nervous,isolated and disconnected.”

During their 24-hour test,three of the experiment’s participants were followed around by a BBC reporter plus cameraman.They were asked to write down 100 lines about their day offline,but of course,they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops.

Elliot Day wrote:“Today,my whole morning routine was thrown up into the air.Despite being  aware of the social importance of the media,I was surprised by how empty my life felt without the radio or newspapers.”

From Caroline Scott,we read:“I didn’t expect it,but being deprived of the media for 24 hours resulted in my day-to-day activities becoming so much harder to carry out than usual…I didn’t break out in a cold sweat like our lecturer expected us all to,but It’s not something l would like to do again!”

And Charlotte Gay wrote:“I have to say the most difficult item for me to be without has been  my  mobile;not  only is it a social device,it’s  my main access point of communication.”

Earlier in the year,a UK government study found that in the UK we spend about half our waking hours using the media,often plugged into several things at once.So,with technology continuing to develop at an alarming rate,how much time will you set aside for sleep in the future?

小题1:What can we learn about the volunteers?

A.Volunteers didn’t write down about their day offline.

B.Volunteers weren’t allowed to use any media for 24 hours.

C.Volunteers were followed around by Dr Roman Gerodimos.

D.Only volunteers in the UK took part in Unplugged experiment.小题2:Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the participants’feelings?

A.Anxious.

B.Lonely

C.Bored.

D.Despaired.小题3:Which of the following is true of Caroline Scott?

A.The media ban affected his temperature.

B.His work went on smoothly without the media.

C.His work was carried on hard without the media.

D.His life was empty without the radio or newspapers.小题4:What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A.People should use the media devices reasonably.

B.People can easily survive the media devices addict.

C.People can spend more time sleeping in the future.

D.People spend about half the time using the media devices.小题5:The text is most probably a         .

A.newspaper ad

B.book review

C.news report

D.science fiction story

单项选择题