问题 材料题

阅读下列材料:

材料一  :

第十六条(一)联盟会员国如有不顾本约……所规定而从事战争者,则据此事实,应视为对于联盟所有其他会员国有战争行为。其他会员国应即与之断绝各种商业上或财政上之关系,禁止其人民与破坏盟约国人民之各种往来,并阻止其他任何……联盟会员国或非会员国之人民与该国人民之财政上、商业上或个人之往来。——《国际联盟盟约》

材料二:

第三十九条:安全理事会应断定任何和平之威胁、和平之破坏或侵略行为之是否存在,并应作成建议或抉择依第四十一条及第四十二条规定之办法,以维持或恢复国际和平及安全。

第四十一条:安全理事会得决定所应采用武力以外之办法,以实施其决议,并得促请联合国会员国执行此项办法。此项办法得包括经济关系、铁路、海运、航空、邮电、无线电及其他交通工具之局部或全部停止,以及外交关系之断绝。

第四十二条:安全理事会如认第四十一条所规定之办法为不足或已经证明为不足时,得采取必要之陆海空军行动,以维持或恢复国际和平及安全。此项行动得包括联合国会员国之陆海空军示威、封锁及其他军事举动。——《联合国 * * 》

请回答:

(1)在制裁侵略上,与《国际联盟盟约》相比,《联合国 * * 》有何新的变化和特点?请根据材料一、二进行分析。

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(2)国际联盟和联合国是20世纪两个规模最大的普遍性的国际组织。它们的出现反映了20世纪人类历史的发展有何特点?

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答案

(1)变化:在制裁权力上,前者不是由国际联盟机构集中行使,而是由每个会员国自行制裁;后者则是采取自上而下的方法,把制裁的权力集中到安理会,由它决定是否制裁和如何制裁。在制裁手段上,前者主要是经济制裁和人员往来制裁;后者则采取经济、外交和军事等一系列手段,特别是可以采取军事行动。特点:《联合国 * * 》对于制裁侵略具有更大的权威和更多、更有力的手段。

(2)出现了全球性的安全机制;世界日益成为一个整体;出现了世界性的大战;和平与发展成为时代主题;科学技术高速发展等。(第一点必答,其余答对其中一点即可)

单项选择题 共用题干题
填空题
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.
Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. honoured            B. set           C. historic           D. secretly           E. citizen  
F. granted           G. route           H. briefly          I. restoration          J. leading
     Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United Stales.
He became a 1______ voce in the yean before the Civil War.
     A few weeks ago, the National Park Service (NPS) 2______ Douglass's birth and Black History Month with
the reopening of his home at Cedar Hill, a 3______ site in Washington. D.C. The two-story house, which c
ontains many of Douglass's personal possessions, had undergone a three-year 4______. (Thanks to the NTS
website, however, you don't have to live in the nation's capital to visit it. Take a tour online.)
     He was born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to a slave mother and a white father he never knew.
Douglass grew up to become the first black 5______ to bold a government office-as US minister and consul
general (总领事) to Haiti.
     As a youth, he never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so be 6______ taught himself
to read and write. At 21 years old, he escaped from his slave owner to Massachusetts and changed his last name
to Douglass, to hide his identity.
     In the 1850s, Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad, the system 7______ up by antislavery
groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada. His home in Rochester, N.Y. was near the Canadian
border. It became an important station on the 8______, housing as many as 11 runaway slaves at a time.
     He died in 1895. In his lifetime, Douglass witnessed the end of slavery in 1865 and the adoption of the 15th
Amendment to the US Constitution (美国宪法修正案), which 9______ African-Americans the right to vote.