问题 问答题 简答题

简述学术论文的学术性特点。

答案

参考答案:

(1)研究领域的专门性

学术研究的范围和对象十分广泛,包括哲学社会科学和自然科学各个学科领域。学术的专门性则是在学科领域上的特指,是指在专一从事某学科领域研究上有一定专长。“学术”简而言之即“学问之术”。所谓学问包括各类科学技术,“行业”众多,学科林立,可谓行行皆有学问,行行都可出“状元”。学术论文的学术性特点表现在其内容所提出和论证的问题,一般属于某领域、某学科的专门知识结构体系,决非天南海北式的“漫谈”、“杂感”或浅层次的“随想录”。

(2)研究内容的系统性

这里的系统性只是指论文所属学术体系内部的完备与创新程度。就是说,理论本身应是一个严密的前后自洽的逻辑体系。论文所提出和论证的问题,一般具有某领域、某学科知识的内在联系;按照事物的逻辑顺序,有根有据,自圆其说,自成体系地加以阐释;产生具有某种属于自己的新的发现,具有浓厚的理论色彩和一定的理论高度。

(3)研究性质的探索性

学术研究的主要任务是在已知的基础上探索未知,即从局部探索整体,从表层探索深层,从个别探索一般,从而使科学理论不断深入,使人们的思想不断解放,不断地进行新的理论探索。这是科学研究及其成果的价值所在。因此,学术论文必然带有鲜明的探索性特点。

单项选择题
阅读理解

For as long as humans have lived on the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a spoken language problem, communication can be carried out through sign language, in which gestures stand for letters, words, and ideas. Tourists and people unable to hear or speak have often had to turn to this form of expression. When gestures describe words or ideas, they can often be used internationally. When used for spelling words however, where each gesture stands for a single letter, people must share the same written language.

Body language sends ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either meaningfully or not. A wink can be a way of showing that the person is only joking. A nod means agreement, while shaking the head indicates disagreement.

Other forms of language can be found in Braille (a reading system of raised dots read with the fingertips used by the blind), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide and warn people. While language is the most common form of communication, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.

小题1:What does the author mainly want to say?        

A.People can communicate in many different ways.

B.Everybody uses only one form of communication.

C.Language is invaluable to foreigners.

D.Non-spoken communication is of little value.小题2:According to the text, which part of the body can be used to show you are joking?

A.Fingers.

B.Eyes.

C.Head.

D.Feet.小题3:What can’t be effectively communicated by sign language when people belong to different language groups?

A.Spelling.

B.Idea.

C.Whole words.

D.Expressions.小题4:How many different forms of communication are mentioned in the text?

A.Three.

B.Five.

C.Six.

D.Nine.