问题 材料题

阅读下列材料,完成下列问题。

材料一:美国学者斯派克曼指出:“谁控制了边缘地带,谁就控制了欧亚大陆;谁控制了欧亚大陆,谁就掌握了世界命运。”这里的“边缘地带”几乎包括了整个中东地区。

材料二:“二战”以后,中东地区的国家一度分成了两个壁垒森严、阵线分明的集团:苏联支持的埃及(1974年以前)、叙利亚、黎巴嫩、民主也门等国;美国支持的以色列、土耳其、科威特、伊朗(1979年以前)、沙特阿拉伯等国。

材料三:第四次中东战争后,埃及总统萨达特在尼罗河畔休息时,一直冥思苦想,考虑如何尽早收复西奈半岛的广阔国土。在反思了整个中东战争后,他突然意识到问题的症结也许就在于阿拉伯人和犹太人之间从一开始就没能建立起最起码的信任——整两代人受到的教育都是要把对方作为不共戴天的敌人。

材料四:2004年为报复哈马斯集团制造的一系列自杀性爆炸袭击,以色列炸死了哈马斯精神领袖亚辛和新领导人兰提斯。哈马斯表示:一定要为两位领导人报仇。随后哈马斯对以色列军民发动了一些进攻和袭击。

(1)综合上述材料,请归纳阻碍中东和平进程的因素有哪些?

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(2)如何解决中东问题?请你设计解决方案。

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答案

(1)①中东地区是近代以来世界上最重要的战略要地,成为争夺的重点;②二战后美苏争霸插手中东地区,导致中东地区的分裂与对立;③阿拉伯人和犹太人之间历史性的互不信任和相互敌视;④巴勒斯坦、以色列之间长期以来愈演愈烈的爆炸暗杀,仇仇相报等。

(2)合理处理领土划分;实现土地换和平;减少大国干预;强化联合国作用;相互尊重宗教信仰和民族信仰;加强联合,共同打击恐怖分子和极端民族主义分子。

单项选择题
填空题

Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results_____(1) motivated behavior.Motivation can be either positive or negative_____(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _____(3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away_____(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives_____(5) needs, wants or desires,_____(6) negative drives as fears or aversions._____ (7), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically_____(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in_____(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior.____(10) this reason, researchers often refer _____(11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires.Goals, _____(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward_____ (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is _____(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to_____(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain_____(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and_____(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin_____(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams._____(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal — attractiveness; in the____(20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal — wrinkled skin.