阅读欢乐岛。

贝多芬的一生

　　贝多芬出生于贫寒的家庭，父亲是歌剧演员，性格粗鲁，爱酗酒，母亲则是个女仆。贝多芬本人相貌丑陋，童年和少年时代生活困苦，还经常受到父亲的打骂。贝多芬十一岁加入戏院乐队，十三岁当大风琴手。他十七岁丧母，独自一人承担起教育两个兄弟的责任。

　　1792年11月，贝多芬离开了故乡波恩，前往音乐之都维也纳。不久，痛苦即叩响了他的生命之门。从1796年开始，贝多芬耳朵日夜作响，听觉越来越衰退。起初，他独自一人守着这可怕的秘密。1801年，他爱上了一位名叫朱丽埃塔的姑娘，但由于自己的残疾（此时他已耳聋）以及朱丽埃塔的自私、虚荣，两年后朱丽埃塔嫁给了一个伯爵。肉体与精神的双重折磨都反映在他这一时期的作品（《幻想奏鸣曲》《克勒策奏鸣曲》）中。席卷欧洲的革命波及维也纳，贝多芬的情绪开始高涨，这时的作品有《英雄交响曲》《热情奏鸣曲》。

　　1806年5月，贝多芬与布伦瑞克小姐订婚，爱情的美好产生了一系列伟大的作品。不幸的是，爱情又一次把他遗弃了，未婚妻和别人结婚了。不过，这时贝多芬正处于创作的极盛时期，对一切都无所顾虑。他受到了世人的瞩目，但与光荣接踵而来的是最悲惨的时期：经济困窘，亲朋好友一个个死亡离散，耳朵也已全聋，和人们的交流只能在纸上进行。面对生活的苦难，似乎没有什么能使贝多芬屈服，他以自己的创作风格扭转了维也纳当时轻浮的作风。

　　1827年3月26日，贝多芬在风雪交加的日子咽下了最后一口气。

1．画去加粗字的错误读音。

窘迫（jiǒng  jūn）　酗酒（xiōng  xù）　叩响（kòu  kōu）　似乎（sì  shì）

2．在文中找出下列词语的反义词。

富裕——（　　）　漂亮——（　　）　增长——（　　）　幸福——（　　）

3．辨析组词。

幻（　　）虚（　　）瞩（　　）折（　　）

幼（　　）虑（　　）嘱（　　）拆（　　）

4．贝多芬在最悲惨的时期经历了哪些痛苦与磨难？

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5．读完全文，你觉得贝多芬是一个怎样的人？为什么？

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Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.
"The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.
The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect.
Another reason it is true is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom... these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.
However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.
To illustrate, first grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.
Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.

The pupils’ attitudes are NOT influenced by ______.

A．their parents’ persuasion to behave properly

B．their teachers’ attitudes

C．the speeches they hear and the books they read

D．such media as social studies, science matter and classroom atmosphere