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简述蒂利希的宗教哲学?

答案

参考答案:

蒂利希的宗教哲学主要有三个方面:对上帝或神的概念的反思;神迹与宗教深层体验:宗教信仰的定义.

(1).对上帝或神的概念的反思.

蒂利希反对传统的将上帝解释为超自然的存在者的传统的宗教观.认为上帝是无对的自我存在,是终极的存在,不是相对其他存在的一种存在,上帝超越存在.将上帝视为存在之物是荒谬的,以为存在的概念蕴涵了不存在的可能性,上帝一旦成为我们思考的对象,上帝的终极性就变成相对的了.蒂利希还认为超自然神论仍将神局限在总体经验中,因为超越总是对一个客体对象而言的,它还是神或上帝概念的局限,上帝的终极性没有得到强调和最终确定.

蒂利希主张如果我们信仰上帝,我们就应该强调其抽象性和纯粹性,它不与我们相对而存在.这样既保持了上帝的终极超越性,又不妨碍人的主体性和创造性,神和上帝才能成为作为主体的人可以接受并体现着人的终极关怀的客体.

(2).神迹与宗教深层体验.

蒂利希认为传统的神迹忽视了人的主体存在,使人沦入迷信而不是主动关怀自己生命意义所系的信仰.他认为神迹可疑视为符号事件,并且我们也不能将神迹的发生与其宗教背景截然分开.蒂利希认为满足神迹条件有三:①.与事实的合理结构不相矛盾的惊人的非凡的和令人震撼的事件;

②.涉及神秘的存在并与我们有确定的关系;

③.在人们的神种体验中只是一种符号.他认为只要不违反任何自然的法则,超常事件可以起到上帝启示的作用,在这个意义上它就可以被视为神迹.

蒂利希认为宗教不能被限制在神或上帝的神迹方面,神迹应该是一种与人相关的,使人能够联系经验世界的规则加以理解的符号事件,这是人体验宗教的价值,建立信仰的前提.奇迹的存在并不是使人迷信限制人的创造性,而是使人更深刻地体验宗教对生命的激励作用.

(3).宗教信仰的定义.

蒂利希认为宗教是一种执着的终极关怀状态,它是人的其他关怀的前提并蕴涵着人的生命意义的答案.由于终极关怀中蕴涵着独一无二,因而多神论的宗教不太符合这个标准.他认为人是客体存在,人格神模拟人但并没有成为超越人的自我存在,因而不是超客体的客体,而是像客体的客体.终极关怀要求的是人的安身立命的问题,而一旦有了终极关怀的对象,立刻就不再是宗教的了.

阅读理解

阅读理解。

                                                         Editors/Designers Wanted

     China Daily, a national English newspaper, is looking for English-language senior editors/ designers.

     Senior Business Editor

     You must:

     assist the Business editor in setting goals and working on achieving them;

     be an excellent team person who can come up with ideas and think creatively, be able to rewrite totally

if needed and advise junior workers;

     be working or have worked in a leading position and understand what leadership means;

     have had at least five years' business editing experience and be familiar with industry software.

     Business Copy-editor

     You must:

     work on shifts (轮班) in the Business Desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print;

     edit or rewrite copy and give brief headlines and captions (说明文字);

     have had at least two years' editing experience and be familiar with industry software.

     Copy-editor

     You must:

     be good at editing or rewriting copy and writing brief headlines and captions;

     be able to work on shifts for different pages, and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print;

     have two years of editing experience and be familiar with industry software.

     Senior Graphic Designer

     You must:

     have excellent skills in information graphics;

     be good with illustrations (插图) and freehand drawings;

     be experienced in newspaper or magazine designs;

     have a good sense of typography (排版);

     have good news judgment.

     Once hired, you will be offered a competitive salary package, free housing with furniture paid for, 90

percent medical reimbursement (补偿), seven days of paid leave, 11 public holidays and a return ticket to

your native land.

1. If you are employed by the China Daily newspaper group, you can _____.

A. have eleven days of paid leave

B. enjoy free medical service in China

C. stay in any hotel without paying for it

D. get a return ticket to your home country

2. To be a _____ you have to have at least five years' editing experience.

A. Business Copy-editor

B. Senior business Editor

C. Copy-editor

D. Senior Graphic Designer

3. To be familiar with industry software is required in _____ of the jobs provided.

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. four

4. According to the advertisement, _____ is a must for all the four jobs.

A. a good knowledge of English

B. two years' editing experience

C. a good sense of typography

D. working on shifts

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