问题 解答题

在数列{an}中,a1=2,an+1=2an-n+1,n∈N*,

(1)证明:数列{an-n}是等比数列;

(2)求数列{an}的前n项和Sn

答案

解:(1)

∴数列{an-n}是等比数列;

(2)数列{an-n}的首项为1,公比为2,

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成小题。(25分)

樊纲:实践的梦想家

——中国经济改革研究基金会国民经济研究所所长,BMW中经智库专家樊纲侧记

樊纲,一个中国经济领域的学术明星,一个渐进式经济改革的倡导者,在中国经济体制改革的每一个关键环节,以及每一个关键时点,总是能帮国家廓清思路,看清未来的决策智囊。

不了解樊纲的人,会觉得他是镁光灯前遥不可及的精英,而了解他的人,则常常能从他朴实无华却又充满哲理的言语中领悟到一位经济学家的风骨。

“不会干实事,只会做学术”

历经8年下乡生活的樊纲,于1978年自河北省围场县考入河北大学经济系,1982年毕业后进入中国社会科学院研究生院经济系,主攻“西方经济学”,在攻读博士研究生期间赴美国哈佛大学深造。1988年毕业后,进入中国社会科学院经济研究所工作,现为中国经济改革研究基金会国民经济研究所所长,BMW中经智库经济学家。经历颇丰的樊纲在接受记者采访伊始,便调侃式地告诉记者,“我这辈子没干过实事,不会办企业也不做官,只会做学术的事情。”

不应“哗众取宠”,不应“似是而非”

要融会贯通,要把问题放在正确的位置上,否则就是搅和。樊纲表示,学者不应“哗众取宠”,学说不应“似是而非”。一向温文尔雅的樊纲甚至会在此类问题上锱铢必较,这种治学原则也大多体现在他对学生的教育上:“基本的功底,直接决定你的上升空间。”樊纲在教学方面特别强调扎实的基础理论和广博的知识面,他要求学生读博士期间不用发表太多文章,而是要把书读透,把体系理清,把基本功打牢。

“理解自身,方可理解世界”

当然,除了这些看起来硬邦邦的治学原则之外,樊纲也有他的另外一面,他喜欢古典音乐,并进而在另一个层面上获得对经济学乃至整个世界的认识。

“我在写东西时会放些音乐,我有500张大唱片,还有上世纪80年代从美国带回来的高级音响。我的文学修养及对艺术的理解,其实是源自在农村的时期,那时没有正规教育,下乡八年,找到什么书读什么书,从马列全集,到俄罗斯文学史,再到西方艺术史,以及中国的古典文学名著,当时都认真读过,反而是搞经济学后就没什么时间看这些了。”

对于艺术修养之于经济学研究的价值,樊纲向记者举例说,“不仅你要理解自己的文化,同时你也要了解世界的哲学、宗教,从而了解人类社会有共同规则。这在经济学科研究中非常重要,因为它可以帮助你寻找一般规则,并借鉴经验教训。你把一个国家的发展作为一个阶段来看待,与其他国家同样的阶段来比较,就可以看出当中的问题。”

共同的东西。“当你对科学有些不太理解的时候,文化艺术的修养能帮你提升对这个世界的认识高度。”

梦想:“中国再有30年高增长”

尽管早已站在中国改革进程的潮头浪尖,樊纲却一直坚持国家经济发展的动力来源于最基层的观点,他非常赞同梦想是促进一国经济发展的动力,“所谓北漂、民工都是有梦想的,因此就有动力。中国整体上还是一个低收入国家,因此中国有追求梦想的动力。”

对于已经步入“知天命”之年的樊纲,却从未放弃个人梦想,“我真正的梦想,就是希望中国能发展起来,中国人民能富足起来,希望中国企业的国际化,能走出国门收购国外的优秀企业。中国能走过当前这一阶段,若再持续30年的高增长,不发生大的危机,真正成为一个中等发达国家,缩小与发达国家的各项差距,这才是我们的梦想。”

对于梦想、精神如何与严谨、负责共存这一问题,樊纲显然有过深刻的思索,“梦想是一种动力,严谨是一种实践的手段。经济学是理性和感性的结合,很难说是硬科学还是软科学,经济学不像自然科学可以做实验,但要想实现目标,必须是严谨科学的,必须是没有废话的,不是信口开河的,胡说八道的。这是对我们自己的要求。不说那些不能被证明的事实及理论上没有基础的事情。目前我们必须警惕的是有些人还在做这样的事情。”

对于满怀梦想期待成功的年轻人,樊纲则告诫,“年轻人的眼光要放长远些,如果有足够的学术兴趣,就坚持走下去,你会越来越发现它的乐趣,也会获得精神上的收益,我不能反对你考虑房子、结婚等现实问题,但从长期来看,你受到社会尊重,社会也不会在物质生活方面亏待你。你选择了做学术,就不要再羡慕那些亿万富翁,他们有他们的苦恼,你有你特殊的乐趣,不同的生活方式,不可比的。”

“关键是要有学术兴趣,又不为五斗米折腰,长期坚持才会有收获。”樊纲如是说。

小题1:下列对文章有关内容的分析和概括,最恰当的两项是【    】(5分)

A.8年的下乡生活磨练了樊纲的意志品质,提升了他的文学修养和对艺术的理解能力,这是樊纲日后取得成功的最根本原因。

B.樊纲能够把个人的梦想与国家和民族的梦想紧密结合起来,在努力实现个人梦想的同时也为国家做出贡献,这充分体现了他的爱国情怀和崇高品格。

C.樊纲认为文化艺术修养有助于提升一个人对世界的认知水平,对学习会产生一定的积极影响,它对经济学研究尤为重要。

D.樊纲告诫年轻人要做好学术要把眼光放长远些,既要有足够的学术兴趣,也要有执着的精神,不能考虑现实问题,更不能盲目攀比。E.樊纲认为中国只要再持续30年的高增长,就能缩小与发达国家的各项差距,真正成为一个中等发达国家。

小题2:请结合文本简要概括樊纲主张的治学原则和态度。(6分)

小题3:樊纲作为一位经济学家的“风骨”主要体现在哪几个方面?请简要概括(6分)

小题4:樊纲说:“梦想是一种动力,严谨是一种实践的手段。”对这句话你是如何理解的?请结合文章并联系实际,谈谈你的看法。(8分)

填空题

The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41)______
Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42)______ Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.
(43)______ Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.
If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your’ writing. (44)______ These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.
Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote "The A & P as a State of Mind" wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45)______
Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times—and then again working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.
[A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.
[B] After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.
[C] It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.
[D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.
[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P "policy" he enforces.
[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in "A & P," the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.
[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.