问题 问答题 简答题

简述分权制衡的原理。

答案

参考答案:

分权是指国家权力分成若干部分,由宪法授予不同的国家机构和不同的人们执掌,没有一个部门服从或支配其他任何部门,没有一个部门可以行使宪法赋予其他部门的权力;制衡即分立为不同部分的权力之间形成彼此制约的关系,其中任何一个部门权力都不能独占优势。因此,权力分立并不是说分掌权力的各部门应该完全互不相干,而是互有牵制,事实上,权力具有一种侵犯性质,应该通过给它规定的限度在实际上加以限制,以保证国家各部分权力在运行中保持总体平衡。

单项选择题
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The days of Europeans relaxing in the cafe with a newspaper and a seemingly endless cup of coffee appear to be numbered.A new English expression is popular in Europe these days:“coffee to go.”

“Five or ten years ago it was much more normal to sit in a cafe for several hours than it is nowadays,”says Joann,who works in a central Berlin coffee bar owned by the Canadian coffee and bakery chain Tim’s.

“There is a trend towards a more fast-paced life.But people still act surprised  when you ask if the coffee is‘to go’.You mean I can take it with me? they ask..”

“Europe is often five or eight years behind trends in America,”says Joann.“In the States.‘coffee to go’is part of everyday life.”

Owing in part to Starbucks,it appears to be very much part of everyday life in many other countries too.

The Seattle-based group compete with a growing number of global chains in attempting to reshape coffee drinking cultures in regions including Asia and the Middle East.

The US is the model for continental Europe’s new“coffee to go”culture:Each of the new cafe bars offers bagels,muffins,brownies and cookies to go with the coffee.

But then,“coffee to go’’might sound a little odd to English ears used to the words “takeaway”or take one.

It does sum up the brisker pace of life since the city resumed its status as the German capital following the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989.

As one more sign of the changing times,one of Berlin’s most venerable(古老而庄重的)coffee houses,cafe Einstein,has followed the trend by opening a small chain of coffee shops across the city.

Taking coffee,slowly and in decorous(端正的)surroundings,has been a feature of European coffee houses,particularly in German speaking countries,for decades.

For the elderly citzens of Vienna it amounts to a ritual(仪式)when they gather in coffee houses around the city for a cup of their favovrite drink and a piece of rich,creamy cake.

小题1:From the passage,we can see that      .

A.“coffee to go” springs in Europe these days

B.Europe is often a few years before trends in America

C.America often follows Europe’s “coffee to go”culture

D.it’s easy to reshape coffee drinking cultures in the Middle East小题2:Every new cafe bar offers some        to go with the coffee

A.food

B.newspaper

C.drink

D.music小题3:More and more Europeans have takeaway coffee because        .

A.Europeans live a more fast-paced life now

B.The coffee is much cheaper

C.Europeans are used to taking away the coffee

D.the coffee is easy to take away小题4:The characteristic of European coffee houses is        .

A.“coffee to go ”as part of daily life

B.sitting in a cafe bar for several hours

C.having coffee slowly in a pleasant atmosphere

D.taking away coffee in a hurry