Competitors who wear red win more than those that are dressed in any other color, according to study in Germany.

 小题1:  Experts believe that red could make individuals and teams feel more confident as well as being perceived by others as more aggressive.

 小题2:  On the other hand, the results could suggest that the success of those teams has given those that wear the red color more confident.

The study, by German sports psychologists at the University of Munster, was reported in New Scientist magazine. They showed video recording of taekwondo matches to 42 experienced referees. One fighter wore blue and the other wore red. They then showed them the same recordings but digitally manipulated the clothing to exchange the colors.    小题3:   “If one competitor is strong and the other is weak, it won’t change the outcome of the fight,” said Norbert Hagemann, who led the study. “ 小题4:  ”      

In 2004 scientists at Durham University also looked at how color influenced sporting competitiveness. They analyzed Olympic contest sports such as boxing, taekwondo, and freestyle wrestling and found that nearly 55% of which were won by the competitor in red.

“  小题5: ”said Robert Burton, one of the researchers.

A．It is the color of fire and is often associated with energy, danger, strength, power, and determination.

B．The fighters wearing red were given an average of 13 percent more points than when they wore blue.

C．The study shows that football shirts from worldwide teams such as Arsenal, Liverpool, sell successfully.

D．It is reasonable that wearing red makes individuals feel more confident, although this hasn’t yet been tested.E. Researchers found that those who wear red tops, jackets or clothing score 10 percent more in any competition than if they were in another color.

F. The findings could explain why Manchester United, Liverpool and Arsenal have been so successful.

G. But the closer the levels, the easier it is for the color to tip the scale.