问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的小说,完成1—4题。

奇 丐

蒙阴城南有三座馒头状的小山岗,叫三山子。早年的三山子是个光秃秃的荒凉所在,只有中间那座山岗上有一座小庙,叫牛王庙,是这里的老百姓用来供奉牛王的。民国时候,有个叫杨占法的乞丐就住在这庙里。

杨占法何处人氏,因何而沦为乞丐,无人知道。他约有四十余岁,头发蓬乱,衣衫不整,天天靠进城讨饭填肚子。杨占法讨饭与别的乞丐不同,别的乞丐讨饭,都要拖一条打狗棍。杨占法不,奇怪的是狗却从来不咬他。别的乞丐讨饭,喜欢打一阵竹板或唱一段小唱,杨占法不,他走过你的院门来,总是一声不吭地在那里站着,直等你发现了他,打发他些饭食,才默默地离开。

更令人奇怪的是,一个脏兮兮的叫花子杨占法,还写得一手好毛笔字,他的字非颜、非柳、非欧、非赵,又似颜、似柳、似欧、似赵,可谓博采众家,又自成一格。杨占法写字,也有别于他人,他从不用新笔,有人备下笔墨央他写字时,他总是先拿起剪子把笔尖剪秃再写,这样写出来的字便带些刺刺的毛边,看上去更加苍劲有力,雄浑厚重。那时候的蒙阴人,多是些草民百姓,并不懂书法,但每逢过年张贴对联时,都喜欢摆出纸笔让他来写。杨占法也从不拒绝,要过剪子剪去笔尖,饱蘸浓墨一挥而就。

杨占法不仅写一手好字,还精通水墨丹青,山水人物、花卉鸟虫无所不能,其功底之厚似乎比书法还胜一筹。在他居住的牛王庙内,放着一块石砚、半截条墨、几枝秃笔,便是他做画的全部工具。吃饱了肚子,他就待在小庙里做画。只是那画做完之后,又都被他撕掉或者烧了。有人向他求画,他也不肯相送,均以画得不好而辞之。惟一流传下来的画,是一幅《秋荷图》,那幅画还是画在牛王庙的墙上的,后来被周士文临摹了下来,这画才得以流传到今日。

周士文是民国时蒙阴的第三任县长,祖籍奉天辽阳,在蒙阴执政虽不足两年,却十分有政绩,老百姓那里颇有口碑。这周士文不仅勤政,而且精通书画,每到一地,他除忙于公务外,就是遍访书画名人,索购字画收藏。偶有闲暇,自己也运笔泼墨,陶冶性情。他画的虾神形兼备,颇有白石老人风范,虽不是书法大家,但也深受行家们的赞赏。

一日,周士文率员到三山子植树,信步走进了牛王庙。一进庙门,他就看见了那幅《秋荷图》。只见那图上约有三两片荷叶。一枝荷花一只莲蓬,莲蓬上还落着一只秋蝉,荷下是一汪碧水,粼粼波光清楚可见,水下有小虾小鱼在游动,似乎还能隐隐听到他们的唼喋。整幅画浓淡相宜,层次清晰,一气呵成,非大家手笔绝无这般功力。周士文看罢,惊得瞪大眼睛,忙问随从这图是何人所做。那随从认识杨占法,就拿眼在殿内搜寻,一会儿便在一堆麦草中寻到了正呼呼大睡的杨占法,遂对周士文说:“就是他,一个叫花子。”周士文越发惊奇,他看看那图,又看看杨占法,然后一抱拳道:“这位先生,此图真是你的手笔?”杨占法打个哈欠,瞥了那图一眼,含含糊糊点了点头。周士文忙又抱拳道:“周某今天认识先生,真是幸甚,我平素极爱丹青,今请先生到敝舍一叙如何?”杨占法摇着头,嘿嘿地憨笑道:“咱一个叫花子,不怕脏了你大人?”周士文忙道:“哪里哪里,先生您这样的大家,本人真有点相见恨晚呢!”杨占法见推辞不过,又嘿嘿地憨笑一下说:“周大人咱也早认识,这么着吧,明日我专去赶您的门就是了。”然而一连三日过去,周士文并没见杨占法来访。第四天早上,他有点沉不住气了,就备了马匹亲自到庙里来请,进了庙门,除了那幅《荷花图》之外,杨占法早无影无踪了。周士文望着那空空的小庙,半晌无语,只好叹息而去。

后来,杨占法竟再也没有在蒙阴城出现过,至于他到底何许人,又流落到哪里,到现在还是个谜。如今,那牛王庙也早已倒塌,惟有周士文临摹的那幅《秋荷图》还保留到现在,并且成了一件文物,被文物部门收藏起来。那图虽是临摹的,但在这个县的文物中却是最为珍贵的。据说有一位台商曾见过这幅图,出资50万美金购之,但被文管部门拒绝了。

1.这篇小说题为《奇丐》,请结合阅读材料,简要分析本文何以“奇丐”为题?

2.试析文中“杨占法”这一人物形象。

3.杨占法做完画,为什么“又都被他撕掉或者烧了”,“有人向他求画,他也不肯相送?”

4.下列对文章的赏析,不正确的两项是(  )

A.小说描写了杨占法虽然生活贫困,却醉心于艺术,且不为名利所动的传奇故事。

B.杨占法人品高尚,但性情极其古怪,拒绝别人向他“求画”,便是最好的明证。

C.小说运用了直接描写和间接描写等方法塑造了杨占法这一成功的艺术形象。

D.周士文不仅勤政,而且精通书画,他爱才,惜才,深得百姓拥戴。E.小说是通过白描手法刻画人物形象的,这与鲁迅的作品风格极为相似。

F.小说结尾,耐人寻味,留下百年之“谜”,给人以极大的想像空间。

答案

1.因为杨占法身上具有不同于一般乞丐的特点。可以概括为“三奇”:一奇是与众不同的讨饭方式;二奇是自成一格的“秃笔”书法;三奇是造诣精深的绘画艺术。

3.优秀的艺术家不把粗糙的东西给人看。

2.(1)杨占法是旧中国极有个性的艺术家;(2)宁可沦为乞丐,也不以“卖画”为生;(3)每逢过年,乡邻向他求字,他从不拒绝;(4)生活贫困,但醉心于艺术,绘画上精益求精,永不满足;(5)不依附“权贵”,不求声名显赫等。(能归纳出三点即可)

4.B、E

1.此题答案的归纳,重在一个“奇”字上,而“奇”又表现在三个方面:“杨占法讨饭与别的乞丐不同,别的乞丐讨饭,都要拖一条打狗棍。杨占法不,……。别的乞丐讨饭,喜欢……杨占法不,……”(第二自然段)“更令人奇怪的是,一个脏兮兮的叫花子杨占法,还写得一手好毛笔字,……杨占法写字,也有别于他人,……雄浑厚重。”(第三自然段)“杨占法不仅写一手好字,还精通水墨丹青,山水人物、花卉鸟虫无所不能,其功底之厚似乎比书法还胜一筹。”(第四自然段)

2.杨占法这一形象的性格特点,集中体现在文章的第二、三、四、六自然段。

3.根据第二题人物性格特点的分析,不难归纳出此题的答案。

4.B项“性情极其古怪”不对;E项“白描手法”不对。

填空题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Do you like to eat out? Do you like to eat quickly? Do you like inexpensive food? Some people go to

fast-food restaurants for these reasons. In the past, people usually went to diners (路边小餐馆) for these reasons. In fact, many people in the State still go to diners today for the same reasons.

     A man named Walter Scott had the first "diner" in 1872. It was not really a diner. It was only a food

cart. People on the street walked up to the cart to buy food. These carts served late-night workers who

wanted a cup of coffee and all late-night meal. The meal was a sandwich or boiled eggs. In 1887, Samuel

Jones built the first diner big enough to allow the customers to come inside. However, they did not sit

down. Later, people built diners with counters and stools and people sat down while they ate.    

     Before long, many diners stayed open around the clock. In other words, people were able to eat in a

diner at any time. Diners changed in other ways, too. The original menu of sandwiches and coffee became bigger. It included soup, favorite dish, and a breakfast menu. In addition, diners soon became permanent

buildings. They were no longer carts on wheels.

     Diners today look similar to the diners of the early 1900s. They are usually buildings with large windows. Inside, the diners have shining counters with stools, booths, and tables and chairs. People can eat all

three meals in a modern diner.

     Today, many people eat in fast-food restaurants such as McDonald's and Burger King. However, the

diner remains an American tradition, and thousands of people still enjoy eating there. It was popular a

entury ago, and it is still popular today.

1. A man named Walter Scott had the first "diner" in 1872. Why is diner in quotation marks(引号)?

A. Because it is spelled differently from "dinner".

B. Because diner was a new word.

C. Because the first diner was not a real diner.

D. Because it is a special kind of restaurant.

2. What meals did the first diners serve?

A. Only breakfast.      

B. Only night-meals.  

C. Only lunch.              

D. All of the above.

3. According to paragraph 3, diners changed in _______.

A. two ways  

B. three ways

C. four ways

D. five ways

4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Diners existed before fast-food restaurant.

B. The menu included more food than sandwiches and coffee.

C. Burger King is a fast-food restaurant.

D. Sandwiches became bigger.

5. The main idea of the passage is that ________.

A. the diner is a traditional and popular place to eat in the United States

B. Samuel Jones built the first diner big enough to allow the customers to come inside

C. American diners serve many types of food 24 hours a day to their customers

D. diners are different from fast-food restaurants in many ways