问题 问答题 论述题

试述城市污染治理的主要瓶颈。

答案

参考答案:

1、思想观念的转变相对滞后,在错误的发展观指导下,人类对资源采取掠夺式的开发,资源回收和循环利用水平低,不考虑环境容量的承载能力任意排放污染物。其结果是资源遭到严重破坏,环境受到严重污染。

2、污染治理机制尚不健全,由于环境污染造成的私人成本远低于社会成本,厂商和消费者具有向外排污的内在冲动,因而在单纯的市场条件下公共环境极易出现无人照管的“公地悲剧”。政府可以通过向企业和居民征收排污费和环卫费,用以治理污染;或是由政府出面协调,将污染的外部性予以内部化。但在现实中,仅靠政府来治理污染显然是不够的,将公共环境交由企业或个人处理还有诸多问题,排污费的收取标准和使用机制还不完备,环卫公司政企分开的市场化改革推进困难,尤其是一些纯粹公益性的污染治理项目仍需依赖并不充足的公共财政。

3、技术水平不高和经费不足仍是污染治理的强硬约束,中国现有垃圾处理技术仍十分低下,真正符合国家环境控制标准和建设标准的垃圾无害化处理率仅有25%左右。处理垃圾不仅是技术上的问题,令管理者更为头痛的是,环卫经费严重不足。

4、污染治理的公众参与度不高,科技发展在污染治理方面固然重要,但并不能够“包治百病”。治污之重不在于“治”,而在于“防”。“治”是治标,“防”才是治本。这个“防”靠的正是城市公众(企业、居民)自觉自愿地维护公共环境,采用新技术减少污染,保持良好的生活习惯,不随地吐痰,不乱扔垃圾。但我们看到的是,诸多陈规陋习和不良的生活习惯仍然影响着城市的公共环境。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     (Mrs. Jones, the headmaster, is telling the students some information about the trip.)

     Now, here's some information about our school trip. As usual we will spend the first four days in Paris.

We'll have a sightseeing tour of the city and we'll also visit some of the famous places like the Eiffel Tower

and the Louvre. From Paris we'll travel down to the south of France near Marseilles by boat. We'll spend five

days there.

     Last year we went by coach, but we found that the journey was too long and we didn't have enough time

to do everything. So this year we will go by train. I will provide more information about the schedule (日程安

排)later.

     There will be 80 students on the trip. We will travel in three groups and there will be three teachers with

each group. I will go with Group One.

     I hope that everyone on the trip will have a good time, but please remember that it is an educational visit,

not a boliday. There will be some for swimming and other spots, but we are going to France to study French

culture and use the French language as much as possible.

1. What are the students going to France for?

A. To do some sports.

B. To have an educational visit.

C. To spend their holiday.

D. Only to do sightseeing.

2. How many times have they been to France?

A. Once.

B. Twice.

C. Three times.

D. Never.

3. How long will they stay there?

A. Three days.

B. Four days.

C. Five days.

D. Nine days.

4. Why don't they want to go by coach?

A. It will take too much time.

B. There are too many students.

C. They don't know how long it will take.

D. They cannot have a sightseeing on the way.

5. Which team will Mrs. Jones go with?

A. Group One.

B. Group Two.

C. Group Three.

D. Group One end Group Three.

单项选择题