问题 问答题 论述题

群体决策支持系统知识库中的知识可以分为哪三类?请分别说明。

答案

参考答案:

1.应急预案具有很清晰的分级触发条件,明确在发生什么问题时应该怎样处理。如果将预案作为范例的一种进行管理的话,很可能因为预案的限制条件比较严格导致范例匹配相似度太低,所以编者认为应该将应急预案的内容进行分解并用规则的形式存入范例库,这样可以更好地利用预案来指导决策。

2.专家经验一般是专家经过长期的积累所获得的处理问题或预测事态发展的知识,这些知识往往可以用“条件——结果”的形式表示,而且比应急预案的知识更加广泛,可以对有效决策起到很大的辅助作用,所以也可以作为规则进行表示与管理。

3.决策辅助知识包括了范例检索辅助规则、范例修改辅助规则、方案排序辅助规则、范例价值评估规则等。这些知识的获取需要领域专家和系统工程师的共同努力,用于提高整个推理过程与应急决策支持系统的效果和效率。

阅读理解

阅读理解

     Weather changes when the temperature and the amount of water in the atmosphere change. We can

see and feel water coming from the atmosphere when we have rain. But the water must somehow get

back to the atmosphere. Meteorologists call this the water cycle.

     There are many stages in the water cycle. Rain falls when water vapour in clouds condenses(冷却成

液体). Drops of water form and fall to the ground. The water soaks into the ground and feeds streams

and rivers. A lot of rain falls into the sea. The heat of the sun evaporates some of the water in the ground

and in the rivers, lakes and the sea. It changes the liquid water into water vapour. The vapour rises onto

the air. Water vapour is normally invisible. On a very damp or humid day, however, you can sometimes

see water vapour rising from a puddle or pond in a mist above the water. Water vapour also gets into the

air from living things. Trees and other plants take in water through their roots and give off water vapour

from their leaves.  People and land animals drink water and breathe out water vapour. In all these ways

the water returns to the air. There it gathers to form clouds and condenses to form rain. The rain falls to

earth, and the cycle starts again. It contains even if snow or hail fall instead because both eventually melt

and form water. The amount of water vapour is more in the air tropics than in the cold polar regions.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Water cycle.                    

B. Water vapour.

C. How rain forms.                  

D. Water, vapour, rain.

2. How many ways of the water returning to the air are discussed in the text?

A. Three    

B. Four    

C. Five      

D. Six

3. Whether water vapour can be seen or not depends on_____.

A. how much water is evaporated

B. how good your eyes are

C. in which way water is evaporated

D. climate or weather

4. From the passage, we get to know_____.

A. there is more water vapour in the air tropics than in cold polar regions

B. there is more water vapour in the air in cold polar region than in the tropics

C. it gets more rain in the tropics than in cold polar regions because there is less vapor

D. the amount of water vapour in the air depends on how often it rains

多项选择题