问题 问答题 论述题

论述DSS的灵活性

答案

参考答案:

第1级的灵活性是指提供最终用户的灵活性,称为解决问题的灵活性。用户可以使用DSS提供的多种功能,用自己独特的方法来解决问题。在决策的各个阶段中,用户面对的决策问题可以看作是一个问题空间,而用户可能解决的问题则是这个空间中的一子集。对于问题的求解,就是在这个子空间中搜索的一个过程。DSS正是给用户提供了这样一个问题解决的灵活性。用户能够在面对问题时找到对应的专用DSS(问题发现、设计、选择),从中发现解决问题的代替方案。第2级灵活性是指在使用F1还不能生效的情况下,DSS所提供的修正某个特定的DSS的能力。这种灵活性可以称为修改配置的灵活性。F2也可以通过增加或删除系统所提供的ROMC功能来实现。

例如,在解决商场定位问题时,可能需要某一地区的人口、收入等数据的图形表示,并且对这个图形业的某种操作可能是一个应用这个专用DSS不可缺少的功能。

一个地理信息系统的前端修改功能使得这种需求容易实现。这种灵活性使系统可以对应某些变化了的问题,或者是一类新问题的集合。这种灵活性面向用户或系统开发者。第3级灵活性是指当完全不同的特定DSS的要求产生时,系统能够通过对DSS的基本成分的变更,使得新的专用DSS的产生。这种灵活性也称为适配的灵活性。例如,对于模型库中某一类模型的增加,使得过去难以用DSS生成器来实现的某种决策支持系统成为现实。系统可以被修改并装接到其他不同类型的专用DSS系统上去。这种灵活性是系统开发人员所需要的。如果DSS的基础技术的某些基本性质发生了变化,它们必然影响到在其之上的系统的能力,这可以看作是第4级灵活性,即包容的灵活性。

问答题
阅读理解

If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isn’t breathing, you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, lift his head back and press his chin upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn’t work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils (鼻孔)together with your fingers .Open you mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises, then remove your mouth ,and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until help arrives.

To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If , in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a blue-grey color, you can feel no pulse(脉搏). Then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.

With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don’t be too hard or you may break a rib (肋骨). Check how effective you are by seeing if his color improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.

小题1:This passage is mainly about __________.      .

A.how to save people out of the water

B.how to give first aid to people who are drowning

C.how to do mouth-to –mouth breathing

D.how to save a child from a river小题2:Once you get a drowning man out of the water, if he isn’t breathing, you must first _______. 

A.get him breathing again

B.take him to the nearest hospital as soon as possible

C.find someone to help you

D.call the First Aid Center小题3: If the drowning boy has no pulse, ____________.

A.pressing his chin upwards in enough to get him breathing

B.blowing air into his mouth is sure to save his life

C.pressing his nostrils together with your fingers can work

D.pressing is the last chance of saving his life小题4:Which of the following statements is true?

A.If a man does not breathe for four minutes, his brain will be completely destroyed.

B.If you see someone drowning, you must give him mouth –to – mouth breathing.

C.Don’t stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again.

D.When pressing, you can do it as hard as you can.