问题 阅读理解与欣赏

 阅读下面的文字,完成14~17题。

珍惜愤怒

毕淑敏

小时候看电影,虎门销烟的英雄林则徐在官邸里贴一条幅——“制怒”。由此知道怒是一种凶恶而丑陋的东西,需要时时去制服它。

长大后当了医生,更视怒为健康的大敌。师传我,我授人:怒而伤肝,怒较之烟酒对人为害更烈。人怒时,可使心跳加快,血压升高,瞳孔放大,寒毛竖立……一如人们猝然间遇到老虎时的反应。

怒与长寿,好像是一架跷跷板的两端,非此即彼。         

人们渴望强健,人们于是憎恶愤怒。

我愿以生命的一部分为代价,换取永远珍惜愤怒的权利。

愤怒是人的正常情感之一,没有愤怒的人生,是一种残缺。当你的尊严被践踏,当你的信仰被玷污,当你的家园被侵占,当你的亲人被残害,你难道不滋生出火焰一样的愤怒吗?当你面对丑恶,面对污秽,面对人类品质中最阴暗角落,面对黑夜里横行的鬼魅,你难道能压抑住喷薄而出的愤怒吗?

愤怒是我们生活中的盐。当高度的物质文明像软绵绵的糖一样簇拥着我们的时候,现代人的意志像被泡酸了的牙一般软弱,小悲小喜缠绕着我们,我们便有了太多的忧郁。城市人的意志缺了钙,越来越少倒拔垂柳强硬似铁怒目金刚式的愤怒,越来越少幽深似海水波不兴却蕴蓄极大张力的愤怒。

没有愤怒的生活是一种悲哀。犹如跳跃的麋鹿丧失了迅速奔跑的能力,犹如敏捷的灵猫被剪掉胡须。当人对一切都无动于衷,当人首先戒掉了愤怒,随后再戒掉属于正常人的所有情感后,人就在活着的时候走向了永恒——那就是死亡。

我常常冷静地观察他人的愤怒,我常常无情地剖析自己的愤怒,愤怒给我最深切的感受是真实,它赤裸而新鲜,仿佛那颗勃然跳动的心脏。

喜可以伪装,愁可以加以伪装,快乐可以粉饰,孤独忧郁能够掺进水分,惟有愤怒是成色十足的赤金。它是石与铁撞击一瞬痛苦的火花,是以人的生命力为代价锻造出的双刃利剑。

喜更像一种获得,一种他人的馈赠。愁则是一枚独自咀嚼的青橄榄,苦涩之外别有滋味。惟有愤怒,那是不计后果不顾代价无所顾忌的坦荡的付出。在你极度愤怒的刹那,犹如裂空而出横无际涯的闪电,赤裸裸地裸露了你最隐秘的内心。于是,你想认识一个人,你就去看他的愤怒吧!

愤怒出诗人,愤怒也出统帅,出伟人,出大师,愤怒驱动我们平平常常的人做出辉煌的业绩。只要不丧失理智,愤怒便充满活力。

怒是制不服的,犹如那些最优秀的野马,迄今没有任何骑手可以驾驭它们。愤怒是人生情感之河奔泻而下的壮丽瀑布,愤怒是人生命运之曲抑扬起伏的高亢音符。

珍惜愤怒,保持愤怒吧!愤怒可以使我们年轻。纵使在愤怒中猝然倒下,也是一种生命的壮美。

(选自《谁解风情》,有改动)

14.文中划线的句子愤怒“是以人的生命力为代价锻造出的双刃利剑”,使用的修辞方法是什么?它有什么深刻含义?(4分)

答:                                                                     

15.本文以林则徐和医生对怒的态度为例开头,其作用是什么?(6分)

答:                                                                     

16.作者主张“珍惜愤怒”其理由是什么?(6分)

17.林则徐主张“制怒”,作者主张“珍惜愤怒”,二者是否矛盾,为什么?请简述理由。 (6分) (  )

答案

14、第一个问题使用的修辞方法是比喻(暗喻)(1分)。这个句子的含义是:愤怒是人生命力的瞬间强烈释放,它的作用可能是积极的,也可能是消极的(3分)。

15.本文的题旨是“珍惜愤怒”,开头却以林则徐和医生对怒的态度为例揭示“愤怒”的消极作用,从人们的共识说起,然后笔锋一转做“珍惜愤怒”的宣示,既立论稳妥周密,又对比强烈,令人为之一震,收到了先声夺人之效。

16.①愤怒是人的正常情感之一,人生不能没有它。②各种情感中唯有愤怒最真实。③愤怒可以使人做出辉煌业绩。

17.不矛盾。林则徐主张“制怒”,一是针对愤怒的消极方面(2分),二是他所处的时代及环境使然(2分);作者主张“珍惜愤怒”是就愤怒积极有价值的一面说(2分)。

14、要答到愤怒的消极作用及对比的作用和对文章思路的作用。

15.首段在全文结构的作用。

16.总结全文,表达作者鲜明的观点

17.不同的环境(情景)对愤怒的态度不同,但都是为了进取。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Despite decades of scientific research, no one yet knows how much damage human activity is doing to the environment. Humans are thought to be responsible for a whole host of environmental problems, ranging from global warning to ozone depletion. What is not in doubt, however, is the devastating effect humans are having on the animal and plant life of the planet.

Currently, an estimated 50,000 species become extinct every year. If this carries on, the impact on all living creatures is likely to be profound, says Dr. Nick Middleton, a geographer at Oxford University. " All species depend in some way on each other to survive. And the danger is that, if you remove one species from this very complex web of interrelationships, you have very little idea about the knock-on effects of other extinctions. "

Complicating matters is the fact that there are no obvious solutions to the problem. Unlike global warning and ozone depletion—which, if the political will was there, could be reduced by cutting gas emissions—preserving biodiversity remains an intractable problem.

The latest idea is " sustainable management " , which is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from extinction. This means humans should be able to use any species of animal or plant for their benefit, provided enough individuals of that species are left alive to ensure its continued existence.

For instance, instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against poaching, it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals. In Zimbabwe, there is a sustainable management project elephants. Foreign tourists pay large sums of money to kill these animals for sport. This money is then given to the inhabitants of the area where the hunting takes place. In theory, locals will be encouraged to protect elephants, instead of poaching them—or allowing others to poach them—because of the economic benefit involved.

This sounds like a sensible strategy, but it remains to be seen whether it will work. With corruption endemic in many developing countries, some observers are skeptical that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for.Others wonder how effective the locals will be at stopping poachers.

There are also questions about whether sustainable management is practical when it comes to protecting areas of great-bio-diversity such as the world’s tropical forests. In theory, the principle should be the same as with elephants—allow logging companies to cut down a certain number of trees, but not so many as to completely destroy the forest.

Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. But because almost all tropical forests are located in countries which desperately need revenue from logging, there are few regulations to do this. Moreover, unrestricted logging is so much more profitable that wood prices from managed forests would cost up to five times more—an increase that consumers, no matter how " green " , are unlikely to pay.

For these reasons, sustainable management of tropical forests is unlikely to become widespread in the near future. This is disheartening news. It’s estimated these forests contain anything from 50 to 90 percent of all animal and plant species on Earth. In one study of a five-square-kilometer area of rain forest in Peru, for instance, scientists counted 1,300 species of butterfly and 600 species of bird. In the entire continental United States, only 400 species of butterfly and 700 species of bird have been recorded.

Scientist Professor Norman Myers sees this situation as a gigantic " experiment we’re conducting with our planet " . " We don’t know what the outcome will be. If we make a mess of it, we can’t move to another planet…It’s a case of one planet, one experiment.

What is an effective way to preserve biodiversity()

A. Reduction of the impact of species extinction on others

B. Sustainable management of the world’s tropical forests

C. Encouragement of political will to reduce gas emission

D. No effective way has been found yet