问题 问答题 简答题

马歇尔的分配理论与均衡价格理论有什么关系?

答案

参考答案:

马歇尔的收入分配论是其均衡价格论的延续和在分配领域中的具体运用。他认为,分配问题的实质是各生产要素如何分割它们共同创造的国民收入。国民收入一方面是生产四要素共同合作的结果;另一方面是各分配份额的来源。而各生产要素的价值(价格)是分配的标准,由此,马歇尔运用均衡价格形成的基本原理研究分配问题。

马歇尔把分析一般商品价格的原理和方法运用于生产要素的价格,把均衡价格概念引伸进各生产要素的价格形成。各生产要素都有一个正常的价格水平,它是构成实际工资、利息、地租和利润的基础。而这些正常价格,如同一般商品的价格一样,由供求相一致时的均衡价格来形成。

各生产要素的需求价格,除对企业经营能力的需求是指社会对企业家的间接需求外,就是指企业家在购买劳动、借入资本和租佃土地各要素时所愿支付的价格,它们由各生产要素的边际生产力决定。企业家就是根据生产要素的边际生产力来决定对它愿付的价格的。

各生产要素的供给价格就是其提供者愿意接受的价格,它由各生产要素的边际生产费用决定,即由其供给者的牺牲或边际增量对供给者造成的牺牲决定。工资、利息、地租和利润的实际水平就是由各生产要素供均衡时所决定。

选择题
阅读理解

The first newspaper were handwritten sheets which were posted in pubic places. The earliest recorded newspaper was started in Rom in 59 BC. In the 700’s the world’s first printed newspaper was developed in China. The paper was printed from carved(雕刻的) wooden blocks and sent out among the citizens. Europe didn’t have a regularly(定期的) published newspaper until 1609, when one was started in Germany.

The fist regularly published newspaper in the English language was printed in 1620. In 1621, an English newspaper was started in London and was published weekly. The first daily English newspaper was the Daily Courant, which didn’t appear until March 1702.

In 1690, Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston. But the local(当地的) government soon stopped its publication. In 1704, John Campbell started The Boston News-letter, the first newspaper to be published daily in America. By 1760, the whole America had more than thirty daily newspapers. There are now about 1800 daily papers in the United States.

Today, as a group, English language newspapers have the largest circulation(发行量) in the world. The largest circulation for a newspaper, however, is that of the Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun, which sells over eleven million copies every day.

71.In Europe, the newspaper was first regularly published_____.

A.in England                B.in Germany

C.in France                 D.in London

72.The first English newspaper printed and sold every day appeared _________.

A.in 1620                B.in 1609

C.at the end of the 17th century

D.at the beginning of the 18th century.

73.How many years earlier was the newspaper printed in China than in America?

A.9 or 10 centuries.     B.More than 1000 years.

C.700 years or so       D.Less than 800 years.

74.As suggested by the article, which of the following newspapers have the largest umber of readers in the world?

A.Italian language newspapers.

B.German language newspapers.

C.English language newspapers.

D.Japanese language newspapers.

75.Which title best gives the main idea of the passage?

A.The World’s First Newspaper.

B.History of  Newspaper.

C.The First Daily Newspaper in American.

D.A Remarkable Man-Benjamin Harris.