问题 问答题 简答题

感染霍乱弧菌后多长时间才会发病?为什么有些人感染后发病,而有些人却不发病?

答案

参考答案:

感染霍乱弧菌后一般1~2天即可发病,但也有短至数小时或长达5天才发病的。

食入霍乱弧菌后是否发病与很多因素有关,其中主要的有二个因素:一是机体因素,二是病原菌因素。

(1)机体因素:在机体因素中最主要的是胃酸。因为胃酸能杀死入侵的霍乱弧菌。如因胃酸缺乏或大量进食、饮水,使胃酸稀释或胃大部切除后胃酸分泌减少,就不能全部杀灭侵入的弧菌,从而引起发病。其次与机体的特异性免疫有关。霍乱弧菌感染过的人体血清内可有凝集素、抗菌抗体和抗毒抗体,主要为IgG;肠道局部有分泌性抗体1gA,它具有抗毒和保护作用。这些特异性1gA、IgM、IgG抗体均有阻止霍乱弧菌粘附于肠壁的作用,从而保护人体不发病。但当这些抗体缺乏或量明显不足时,进入肠道的弧菌即可能引起霍乱。

(2)病原菌因素:如一次摄入的病原菌数量很多,胃酸无法完全杀灭时,则弧菌进入小肠大量繁殖,可引起发病。其次,与感染菌株的毒力强弱有关。如系流行株感染,毒力强,感染后发病的可能性就大。

填空题

Part 4


Questions 26-45


·Read the following passage and decide which answer best fits each space.
·Forquestions26-45, markoneletterA, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet.
Both (26) and zoology are parts of a more general field of science, biology. The two are studies of (27) things, which share certain characteristics, (28) they are plants or animals. Botany deals with plants, whose organisms that can (29) their own food by the use of sunlight. Zoology on (30) hand, deals with animals, those organisms that cannot manufacture their own food and are thus dependent (31) plants for their food.
(32) plants and animals share many abilities, the extent (33) which plants can exercise some of those abilities is (34) . For example, both plants and animals need food, water, and warmth for growth, (35) plants can move to (36) those needs only by the slow extraction of their leaves and roots, while animals can move relatively (37) distances in relatively little time. When an animal is hurt with needle, the animal will (38) the part of the body (39) . This ability to draw back (40) pain or irritation, called irritability, is found only to a very limited extent in plants.
If plants (41) the same (42) as animals, animals would have had a more difficult time finding food. If animals were as limited as plants, they might (43) a means of manufacturing their own food, as plants do now. The world would be a very different place (44) it is if the characteristics of plants and animals were (45)

A.out

B.from

C.in

D.to

单项选择题